Fullerene (C60) has shown great potential in drug delivery. In this study we exploited modified fullerene (diadduct malonic acid-fullerene-Asn-Gly-Arg peptide [DMA-C60-NGR]) as an antitumor drug carrier in order to build a new tumor-targeting drug delivery system. We also investigated the synergistic enhancement of cancer therapy using photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced by DMA-C60-NGR and 2-met...

The production and aggregation of cerebral amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide are thought to play a causal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we found that the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) interacts physically with both Abeta and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The inverse correlation of Abeta levels with NgR levels within the brain may reflect regulation of Abeta production and/or Abeta cl...

Mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), like other CNS neurons, cannot regrow injured axons into a myelin-rich environment. If stimulated by macrophage-derived factors, however, RGCs can regenerate their axons for considerable distances through the distal optic nerve. Using this "sensitized background," we investigated the effects of either increasing the expression or suppressing the activity of...

Herein, we report the synthesis of a nitrogen-doped graphene (NGr) interpenetrated 3D Ni-nanocage (Ni-NGr) electrocatalyst by a simple water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion technique for oxidation of water to dioxygen. Correlation of adsorption of NGr and subsequent interpenetration through the specific surface plane of nickel particles as well as the concomitant interaction of N and C with Ni in the nan...

Targeted delivery of IFNgamma to tumors has been achieved by fusing this cytokine with GCNGRC, a tumor neovasculature homing peptide. Although the therapeutic efficacy of this protein (called IFNgamma-NGR) in animal models is greater than that of IFNgamma, frequent administrations of IFNgamma-NGR may result in lower efficacy and tumor resistance. We investigated the role of indoleamine 2,3-diox...

We study the Cramer-Rao bounds of parameter estimation and coherence performance for the next generation radar (NGR). In order to enhance the performance of NGR, the signal model of NGR with master-slave architecture based on a single pulse is extended to the case of pulse trains, in which multiple pulses are emitted from all sensors and then integrated spatially and temporally in a unique mast...

After ischemic stroke, partial recovery of function frequently occurs and may depend on the plasticity of axonal connections. Here, we examine whether blockade of the Nogo-NogoReceptor (NgR) pathway might enhance axonal sprouting and thereby recovery after focal brain infarction. Mutant mice lacking NgR or Nogo-AB recover complex motor function after stroke more completely than do control anima...

The Nogo-66 receptor NgR has been implicated in the mediation of inhibitory effects of central nervous system (CNS) myelin on axon growth in the adult mammalian CNS. NgR binds to several myelin-associated ligands (Nogo-66, myelin associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein), which, among other inhibitory proteins, impair axonal regeneration in the CNS of adult mammals. In c...

Nogo-A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) are known as myelin-associated proteins that inhibit axon growth by binding a common receptor, the Nogo66 receptor (NgR). In the CNS, Nogo-A, OMgp and MAG are predominantly expressed by oligodendrocytes. As our previous study revealed that oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) did not inhibit neurite o...

The optic nerve often suffers regenerative failure after injury, leading to serious visual impairment such as glaucoma. The main inhibitory factors, including Nogo-A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein, exert their inhibitory effects on axonal growth through the same receptor, the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR). Oncomodulin (OM), a calcium-binding protein with a mol...