From the first shoulder arthroscopy performed on a cadaver in 1931, shoulder arthroscopy has grown tremendously in its ability to diagnose and treat pathologic conditions about the shoulder. Despite improvements in arthroscopic techniques and instrumentation, it is only recently that arthroscopists have begun to explore precise anatomical structures within the subdeltoid space. By way of a thor...

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is an entrapment neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve and its branches in the tarsal tunnel. We present our less invasive surgical treatment of TTS in 69 patients (116 feet) and their clinical outcomes. The mean follow-up period was 64.6 months. With the patient under local anesthesia we use a microscope to perform sharp dissection of the flexor retinaculum and ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High-resolution 3D MR cisternography techniques such as 3D T2WI-driven equilibrium radiofrequency reset pulse (DRIVE) are used preoperatively to assess neurovascular anatomy in patients with neurovascular compression syndrome, but contrast between vessels and cranial nerves at the point of neurovascular contact is limited. The postprocessing technique subtraction of 3D T2...

Paraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysms originate from the internal carotid artery between the distal dural ring and the posterior communicating artery. Surgical treatment of these aneurysms is technically challenging because of the surrounding neurovascular structures. There are several ways to treat these lesions: direct clipping with retrograde suction decompression, endovascular coili...

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a distinctive syndrome, named by Wilfred Harris. Investigation must exclude multiple sclerosis, and local compression, especially by tumours which require treatment. Dandy deserves credit for first indicating vascular compression of cranial nerve roots as a cause of cranial neuralgias, and Jannetta for establishing neurovascular decompression. Vascular compression ...

A case of recurrent brain stem edema after surgical vascular decompression in a patient with neurogenic hypertension is presented. The surgical treatment resulted in occlusion of the left vertebral artery, stable blood pressure values, and no recurrence of the brain stem edema. MR imaging and MR angiography are excellent methods with which to assess patients suspected of having neurovascular hy...

Neurovascular compression syndromes are caused by a pathological contact between cranial nerves and vascular structures at the surface of the brainstem. Aiming at improved pre-operative analysis of the target structures, we propose calculating distance fields to provide quantitative information of the important nerve-vessel contacts. Furthermore, we suggest reconstructing polygonal models for t...

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a highly disabling disorder characterized by very severe, brief, electric shocks, like recurrent episodes of facial pain. New diagnostic criteria classifying TN on the basis presence trigeminal neurovascular conflict or an underlying neurological can help better characterize patients and determine treatments. Magnetic resonance imaging using specific sequences shoul...

Vertebrobasilardolichoectasia (VBDE) is a rare cause of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The size and tortuous course of the offending vessel poses a particular challenge when attempting a surgical treatment with microvascular decompression. There are few reports on the radiological and surgical anatomy encountered in this condition. The anatomical and radiological features of a surgical series of 7 ...