Breathing is controlled by complex interactions between the central and peripheral nervous systems in conjunction with respiratory system. Neurological diseases predispose patients to nocturnal desaturation pneumonia due dysfunction, which increases mortality, daytime sleepiness fatigue, reduces quality of life. Respiratory function tests are required identify decline consider compensatory mana...

Neurological disease may result in respiratory dysfunction; however the manifestations of respiratory dysfunction in such patients may be atypical because of wider effects of their underlying condition. In the present review we have considered separately acute neuromuscular respiratory disease (as well as aspects of respiratory muscle function relevant to intensive care), chronic neuromuscular ...

background: angiotensin ii (ang ii) has an important role on cerebral microcirculation however, its direct roles in terms of ischemic brain edema need to be clarified. this study evaluated the role of central ang ii by using candesartan, as an at1 receptor blocker, in the brain edema formation and blood-brain barrier (bbb) disruption caused by ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injuries in rat. methods...

leptospirosis, a disease of great significance in tropical countries, presents commonly as a biphasic illness with acute febrile episode in the first phase followed by a brief afebrile period and then by the second phase of fever with or without jaundice and renal failure. however, it has varied manifestations and unusual clinical features ascribed to immunological phenomena can occur due to th...

Pediatric neurological disorders including muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury are defined as a heterogenous group of diseases, of which some are known to be genetic. The two significant features represented for stem cells, leading to distinguish them from other cell types are addressed as below: they can renew themselves besides the ability to differentiate into cells wi...

Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II) has an important role on cerebral microcirculation however, its direct roles in terms of ischemic brain edema need to be clarified. This study evaluated the role of central Ang II by using candesartan, as an AT1 receptor blocker, in the brain edema formation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in rat. Methods...

Leptospirosis, a disease of great significance in tropical countries, presents commonly as a biphasic illness with acute febrile episode in the first phase followed by a brief afebrile period and then by the second phase of fever with or without jaundice and renal failure. However, it has varied manifestations and unusual clinical features ascribed to immunological phenomena can occur due to th...