An extradural catheter was inserted at the third lumbar interspace for relief of pain during labour in a 21-year-old gravid patient. Attempts to withdraw the catheter met with resistance and produced severe pain in the distribution of the second left lumbar nerve. Radiography revealed an acutely angled loop of the catheter over the L2-3 nerve root.

We give a short and streamlined proof of the following statement recently proven by author M. Zeinalian: cobar construction dg coassociative coalgebra normalized singular chains on path-connected pointed space is naturally quasi-isomorphic as associative algebra to based loop space. This extends classical theorem F. Adams originally for simply connected spaces. Our relating functor left adjoint...

OBJECTIVE Bipolar transurethral resection (TUR) has been introduced in the clinical practice nowadays. Benefits from bipolar TUR are represented by the use of saline irrigation, which avoids hypoosmotic hyperhydration (TUR-Syndrome), as well as by the reduced risk of obturator nerve stimulation. However, the previously introduced smaller bipolar resection loop caused prolonged operating-time. W...

Background The anterior loop is an important structure in the interforaminal area of the mandible. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and length of the anterior loop of mental nerve using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan and to compare the differences between age, gender, and side. Materials and Methods A total of 180 projections were analyzed in different sect...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Typewriter tinnitus, a symptom characterized by paroxysmal attacks of staccato sounds, has been thought to be caused by neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve, but the correlation between radiologic evidence of neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve and symptom presentation has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine wh...

In multi-drug-resistant epilepsy vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an efficacious additional treatment to reduce seizure frequency and severity. A recently developed cardiac-based detection (CBSD) algorithm triggers automate (AutoStim) upon heart rate increases of at least 20%. Yet, long term sensitivity specificity the CBSD-algorithm remain unclear. We present a case series 15 adult patients wi...