The form and arrangement of hardened paragnaths on the pharynx of polychaetes in the family Nereididae has for 150 years been used as a principal system of characters to distinguish species and other taxonomic ranks. Recent studies have shown that phylogenetic relationships based solely on paragnaths give different topologies and clade support than relationships inferred from other character sy...

The present study redescribes four species of Neanthes Kinberg, 1865 (Nereididae de Blainville, 1818) based on their type specimens collected from different worldwide localities: chilkaensis (Southern, 1921) India, N. galetae (Fauchald, 1977) Panama, helenae (Kinberg, 1865) St Helena Island, and mossambica (Day, 1957) Mozambique. morphology the types was re-examined for first time after were or...