this research aimed to study of the effects of classroom goal structures on students’ psychological wellbeing with respect to the mediating role of self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. in this regard, the effects of performance and mastery goal structure as exogenous variables with self-efficacy and basic psychological needs as mediating variables on wellbeing were tested through a hypo...

Typical protocols for password-based authentication assume a single server which stores all the information (e.g., the password) necessary to authenticate a user. Unfortunately, an inherent limitation of this approach (assuming low-entropy passwords are used) is that the user’s password is exposed if this server is ever compromised. To address this issue, a number of schemes have been proposed ...

In 1992, a non-interactive k-secure m-conference protocol based on an m-variate polynomial has been proposed. Each user needs to store a (m 1)-polynomial having degree k as a private share. A secret conference key involving m users can be computed by each conference member non-interactively using each private share. There is no overhead to exchange information in order to establish a conference...

The so-called prisoners’ problem, in which two individuals attempt to communicate covertly without alerting a “warden” who controls the communications channel, has taken a number of forms, adorned with various assumptions or requirements which make the problem more or less difficult. One assumption which makes the problem considerably more managable is that the participants are allowed to share...

The interaction model supported by web search engines has changed very little since the early days of web search. Users are required to formulate their queries with very little support from the system, and are provided with a list-based representation of the web search results that promotes a sequential evaluation of the document surrogates. The short queries used by web searchers, and the few ...

Public key cryptography can uniquely enable trust within distributed settings. Employing it usually requires deploying a set of tools and services collectively known as a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). PKIs have become a central asset for many organizations, due to distributed IT and users. Even though the usage of PKIs in closed and controlled environments is quite common, interoperability a...