The current regulated particle metric in vehicle emissions is the total mass, while during last decade interest in number size distribution has increased. Various international studies on epidemiology and toxicology have reported the adverse effect of the particle matter on public health. The UNECE group of experts on pollution and energy (GRPE) under particle measurement program (PMP) are u...

This paper presents an integrated design of a drivetrain for a single-person ultra-light electric vehicle (ULEV). To calculate losses and efficiency of the inverter, the permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) and the gearbox, parameterised analytical models are used. For the gearbox – which has a single gear ratio – the studied parameters are the gear ratio, the number of stages, the num...

The hybrid electric vehicle is equipped with an internal combustion engine and motor as the driving source, which can solve problems of short range slow charging vehicle. Making effective energy management control strategy reasonably distribute output power motor, improve efficiency, reduce battery damage. To consumption excessive discharge at same time, a multi-objective based on particle swar...

In this paper a multi-variable LPV/H∞ control approach is applied to design a strategy for power source coordination within a multi-source energy system. Three different kinds of power sources – fuel cell, battery and ultracapacitor – compose the power supply system of an electric vehicle. All sources are current-controlled and paralleled together with their associated DC-DC converters on a com...

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCEVs) are mainly electrified by the fuel (FC) system. As a supplementary power source, battery or supercapacitor (SC) is employed (besides FC) to enhance response due slow dynamics of FC. Indeed, performance system depends on required distribution manner among sources, which managed energy management strategy (EMS). This paper considers an FCEV based proton ...

This work concerns the study and the modeling of hybrid Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell electric vehicle. In fact, the paper deals with the model description of the powertrain which includes two energy sources: a PEM Fuel Cell as a primary source and a supercapacitor as a secondary source. The architecture is two degrees of freedom permitting a stability of the DC bus voltage. The hybr...

Driving cycle is commonly known as the relationship and a series of speed-time profile. The study on this discipline aids vehicle manufacturers in construction, environmentalists studying environment quality proportion with emissions traffic engineers to further investigate behaviour drivers road conditions which assist automotive industry better energy efficient productions. In order develop p...