National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) were developed out of a plethora of initiatives implemented between 1960 and 1990. The format of NVQs was initially based on a hierarchical task analysis of job functions within the hospitality and catering industry, conducted as part of the CATERBASE project, which was commissioned by the Manpower Services Commission in the mid-1980s. This issues paper...

This paper examines institutional and regulatory aspects of sustainable transport from a cross-national perspective. While institutions appear to play an important role in the economic success of many countries, it is not so clear that they also support sustainable development. A number of examples of the role of institutions in transport are discussed. Particular attention is focused among oth...

This paper discusses staffing under annualized hours. Staffing is the selection of the most cost-efficient workforce to cover workforce demand. Annualized hours measure working time per year instead of per week, relaxing the restriction for employees to work the same number of hours every week, To solve the underlying combinatorial optimization problem this paper develops a Cross-Entropy optimi...

Privacy-preserving data splitting is a technique that aims to protect privacy by storing different fragments of in locations. In this work we give new combinatorial formulation the problem. We see problem as purely problem, which have split attributes into way satisfies certain properties derived from processing and constraints. Using formulation, develop algebraic techniques obtain solutions p...

Regarding the fiscal constraints and management difficulties of public hospitals, several countries have used public private partnership model to improve their health facilities. Public private partnership enables using public resources and private investment and expertise in a combined structure. Moheb hospital is the first Iranian hospital managed according to public private-partnership. The ...

Currently more and more agents are involved in human routine activities and a mixed human-agent society is thus formed by the humans and the agents involved. The relationship between humans and agents in this mixed society is subtle and it is vital to explore the influence that agents bring into the society. In this paper, we try to investigate a few questions: will humans act differently towar...

Let X1,X2, . . . , be independent random variables with EXi = 0 and write Sn = ∑ n i=1 Xi and V 2 n = ∑ n i=1 X i . This paper provides an overview of current developments on the functional central limit theorems (invariance principles), absolute and relative errors in the central limit theorems, moderate and large deviation theorems and saddle-point approximations for the self-normalized sum S...

Concerning the solution theory for cooperative games with transferable utility, it is wellknown that the Shapley value is the most appealing representative of the family of (not necessarily efficient) game-theoretic solutions with an additive potential representation. This paper introduces a new solution concept, called Multiplicativily Proportional (MP ) value, that can be regarded as the coun...