BACKGROUND Medication nebulizers are commonly used to delivery aerosolized medications to patients with respiratory disease. We evaluated output and respirable aerosol available to the patient (inhaled mass) for 17 medication nebulizers using a spontaneous breathing lung model. METHODS Three nebulizer fill volumes (3, 4, and 5 mL containing 2.5 mg of albuterol) and 3 oxygen flows (6, 8, and 1...

Paradoxical effects (bronchoconstriction instead of bronchodilatation) have been reported after inhalation of beta2-mimetics in asthmatic children, and it has been suggested that this was due to osmolality and pH changes of the nebulizer solution. We tested commercially available nebulizer solutions and found osmolality changes after 5, 10 and 15 min of nebulization. Osmolality was measured in ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the pathogens found in home nebulizers and in respiratory samples of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and to evaluate the effect that a standardized instruction regarding cleaning and disinfection of nebulizers has on the frequency of nebulizer contamination. METHODS We included 40 CF patients (22 males), all of whom used the same model of nebulizer. The median patient age...

Two major factors affect drug delivery with nebulizers: usage time and droplet size. Unlike other inhalation devices, nebulizers provide continuous delivery instead of a pre-metered dose of drug. Once loaded and activated, a nebulizer operates with the user breathing normally so that the patient’s breathing profile and usage time determine the amount of drug received. As with other inhalation p...

OBJECTIVE To verify the efficacy, side effects, and cost of treatment of acute asthma attacks, using different inhaler devices. METHODS This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Salbutamol was administered via a nebulizer, a metered-dose inhaler (attached to a commercially available spacer device), a homemade non-valved spacer device, or a dry powder inhaler. Assessments w...

To identify the most efficient device for the delivery of bronchodilator aerosol to nonventilated preterm infants with chronic lung disease, we compared the metered dose inhaler (MDI) used in conjunction with a non-valved spacer, an ultrasonic nebulizer with a small medication cup, and two jet nebulizers. The subjects were enrolled in two double-blind randomized crossover studies. In study A (n...

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a new mesh-type nebulizer for the intrapulmonary delivery of ipratropium bromide in surgical patients under mechanical ventilation. A total of 20 patients were randomly allocated to receive 0.5 mg ipratropium bromide using either a control (Pariboy SX, Pari, Co., Starnberg, Germany, n = 10) or test (NE-SM1 NEPLUS, KTMED INC., Seoul, Korea, n = ...

Background Use of a nebulizer facilitates rapid administration of high doses of drug, which is desirable for patients presenting with acute severe asthma. Breath-enhanced jet nebulizers direct the patient’s air flow through the nebulizer handset during inhalation producing aerosol output with a more favorable respirable profile. SideStream Plus (SS+; Philips Respironics) and Nebutech (NB; Salte...