Following a method by Meldrum and van der Walt, near-rings of matrix maps are defined for general near-rings, not necessarily with identity. The influence of one-sided identities is discussed. When the base near-ring is integral and planar, the near-ring of matrix maps is shown to be simple. Various types of primitivity of the near-ring of matrix maps are discussed when the base near-ring is pl...

This paper presents the results of a series of small-scale model tests and numerical analyses conducted on circular and ring model footings located near geogrid reinforced sand slopes. Layers of geogrid were used as reinforcement. For numerical analyses Finite Element Method (FEM) was used. The effects of reinforcement depth, size, number of layers, and the horizontal distance between reinforce...

In this study, nearness near-ring, subnearness M-group and ideal are introduced. By considering operations on the set of all near left weak cosets, near-ring cosets homomorphism also presented. Moreover, some properties these structures investigated.

Recently, fuzzy multisets have come to the forefront of scientists’ interest and been used for algebraic structures such as groups, rings, near rings. In this paper, we first summarize knowledge about structure multi-subnear rings multi-ideals Then recall results from our related previous work, where defined different operations on generalized some known ideals Finally, define anti-fuzzy (multi...

Matrix rings are prominent in abstract algebra. In this paper we give an overview of the theory matrix near-rings. A near-ring differs from a ring that it does not need to be abelian and one distributive laws hold general. We introduce two ways which near-rings can defined discuss structure each. One is as given by Beildeman other Meldrum. his normal arrays under operation multiplication additi...