background & importance: iniencephaly is a rare cranio-cervical deformity. it belongs to neural tube defects. this disorder is characterized by a retroflexion of head, a very short neck, varying degrees of incomplete posterior closure of vertebrae and cervical and thoracic spinal synostosis. this malformation is associated with central nervous system and systemic malformations. most of patients...

background and objectives: nosocomial infections are one of the most important worldwide health and increased patients hospital stay, therapeutic problem and mortality rate. this study was designed to determine the frequency of microorganisms isolated from tracheal tube in patients admitted to icu shaheed mostafa khomeini hospital tehran, iran, from 2001-2005. patients and methods: in this cros...

Distortion and deformation of tubes during machining operations are very important. In this study, a tube used in magnetic drum separator under concentrated load (machining load) is considered. Using finite element simulation, deformities and their dependence on parameters such as the thickness of the tube and the place of concentrated force are observed and predicted. To compare and confirm th...

endotracheal tube (ett) cuff herniation is a rare, and often difficult to diagnose, cause of bronchial obstruction. we present a case of outside cuff herniation of an endotracheal tube that caused pulmonary right lung atelectasis. a 29-year-old man ,a case of car accident with multiple fractures, was admitted to the emergency ward and transferred to the operating room(or) for open reduction and...

the performance of a γ-al 2 o 3 /n-decane nanofluid shell-and-tube heat exchanger in a biomass heating plant is analyzed to specify the optimum condition based on the maximum heat transfer rate and performance index for wide range of nanoparticle volume fraction (0–7%). compared with pure          n-decane, the obtained results in this research show that by using γ-al 2 o 3 /n-decane nanofluid ...

introduction: jejunoileal atresia (jia) is a common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction and is a common surgical emergency. the aim of this study was to compare primary anastomosis without resection of the dilated segment with transanastomotic t tube jejunostomy (tatto) versus resection of the dilated segment without t tube as the control group for treatment of patients with jia. material ...

background: aging has a growing trend in the world. the elderly experience a high incidence of hospitalization and coronary bypass surgery compared with other age groups, and pain is the most common complaint in these patients. this research was conducted to compare the effect of acupressure and cryotherapy on the pain of removing drain tube from the chest of the elderly who have undergone open...