BACKGROUND Thermotoga species are organisms of enormous interest from a biotechnological as well as evolutionary point of view. Genetic modifications of Thermotoga spp. are often desired in order to fully release their multifarious potentials. Effective transformation of recombinant DNA into these bacteria constitutes a critical step of such efforts. This study aims to establish natural compete...

This paper presents an attempt of elaborat ion of a f u l l parsing system for Polish natural language which is being worked out in the Ins t l t~ te of Informatics of Warsaw Univers i ty . Our system was adapted to the parsing of the corpus of real medical texts whici= concern a subdomain of medicine. We made use of the experience of such famous authors as (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12),...

Natural transformation has been described in bacterial species spread through nearly all major taxonomic groups. However, the current understanding of the structural components and the regulation of competence development is derived from only a few model organisms. Although natural transformation was discovered in members of the Actinobacteria (high GC Gram-positive bacteria) more than four dec...

Millstream systems have been proposed as a non-hierarchical method for modelling natural language. Millstream configurations represent and connect multiple structural aspects of sentences. We present a method by which the Millstream configurations corresponding to a sentence are constructed. The construction is incremental, that is, it proceeds as the sentence is being read and is complete when...

Studies show that gene acquisition through natural transformation has contributed significantly to the adaptation and ecological diversification of several bacterial species. Relatively little is still known, however, about the prevalence and phylogenetic distribution of organisms possessing this property. Thus, whether natural transformation only benefits a limited number of species or has a l...

Style is an integral part of natural language in written, spoken or machine generated forms. Humans have been dealing with style in language since the beginnings of language itself, but computers and machine processes have only recently begun to process natural language styles. Automatic processing of styles poses two interrelated challenges: classification and transformation. There have been r...

Although Escherichia coli does not have a natural transformation process, strains of E. coli can incorporate extracellular plasmids into cytoplasm 'naturally' at low frequencies. A standard method was developed in which stationary phase cells were concentrated, mixed with plasmids, and then plated on agar plates with nutrients which allowed cells to grow. Transformed cells could then be selecte...

For each real number > 1 the-transformation is deened by T x = x(mod1). In this paper the natural extension T of the ergodic system underlying T is explicitly given. Furthermore, it is shown that a certain induced system of this natural extension is Bernoulli. Since T is weakly mixing, due to W. Parry, it follows from a deep result of A. Saleski that the natural extension is also Bernoulli, a r...

Campylobacter jejuni is a human bacterial pathogen. While poultry is considered to be a major source of food borne campylobacteriosis, C. jejuni is frequently found in the external environment, and water is another well-known source of human infections. Natural transformation is considered to be one of the main mechanisms for mediating transfer of genetic material and evolution of the organism....