a reconnaissance study has been made on the distribution of 238u, 232th, 40k, 137cs andgeochemical features in soil and sediment samples at various locations on the coast of bushehr in the persiangulf. in this study a gamma-ray spectrometer based on a high purity germanium detector and a pc basedmca and x-ray fluorescence (xrf) method were used. estimation of the measured radionuclide contentha...

Antibodies are the fastest-growing segment of the biologics market. The success of antibody-based drugs resides in their exquisite specificity, high potency, stability, solubility, safety, and relatively inexpensive manufacturing process in comparison with other biologics. We outline here the structural studies and fundamental principles that define how antibodies interact with diverse targets....

We present here the recent developments in the studies of self-organization in abiotic, biotic (bacterial) colonies and man-made (programmable chips) systems, aimed at seeking to unravel the general principles of biotic self-organization. A typical bacterial colony consists of 10 − 10 bacteria. It is not created by pre-design or according to a plan, but through a process of biotic self-organiza...

Natural electromagnetic noise sources existing since the origin of the Earth may be influencing the evolution of living systems. Understanding how this background noise is generated and distributed and how it interacts with living systems, can contribute to the general knowledge of life on Earth. In this review we consider the different frequency ranges, starting from the lowest frequencies gen...

Introduction: Artificial and natural radionuclides exist in the environmental materials, such as water, soil, rocks, and plant as well as in animals and human body tissues. Therefore, human being and environment are at constant radiation exposure. Regarding this, the present study aimed to determine the specific activities of radionuclides and perform the risk assessment wheat and barley sample...

Introduction: Investigation on the natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, 40K and natural fallout radionuclide 210Po in the prominent plants species of Western Ghats tropical forest near Kotagiri have been carried out as a part of baseline background radiation studies in the forest environment. Materials and Methods: The prominent plants species of the region Evodia roxburghiana and Eleaocarpus obl...

Contamination of land could occur during the extraction and handling of materials containing high levels of naturally occurring radionuclide materials. These radionuclides find their ways into the food chain. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in heart, liver, kidney, lungs, spleen and beef of cattle slaughtered and consumed in a tin mining area of Jos Pl...