Background This study aims to characterize the role of county-specific legacy of slavery in patterning temporal (i.e., 1968-2014), and geographic (i.e., Southern counties) declines in heart disease mortality. In this context, the U.S. has witnessed dramatic declines in heart disease mortality since the 1960's, which have benefitted place and race groups unevenly, with slower declines in the Sou...

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether changing social structure and social mobility related to height generate (inflate) inequalities in height. DESIGN Longitudinal 1958 British birth cohort study. SETTING England, Scotland, and Wales. PARTICIPANTS 10 176 people born 3-9 March 1958 for whom data were available at age 33 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adult height and social class at age 33 ye...

The present study describes regional variations in homicide rates in Jalisco State, Mexico, in 1989-1991, 1994-1996, and 1999-2000, analyzing the trends by gender and socioeconomic stratum. Using mortality data generated by the National Institute for Statistics, Geography, and Information Technology, homicide rates adjusted by age and gender were calculated, along with rate/female rate ratios; ...

BACKGROUND The objective direct and indirect costs of sleep-disordered breathing (snoring, sleep apnoea (SA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)) and the treatment are incompletely described. METHODS Using data from the Danish National Patient Registry (1998-2006), 12,045, 19,438 and 755 patients were identified with a diagnosis of snoring, SA and OHS, respectively. For every patient, ...

OBJECTIVE To describe food expenditure and consumption of foods prepared away from home among Mexican adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were from 45 241 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006, a nationally-representative, cross-sectional survey of Mexican households. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to assess the r...

Premature mortality exhibits strong spatial patterns in Great Britain. Local authorities that are located further North and West, that are more distant from its political centre London and that are more urban tend to have a higher premature mortality rate. Premature mortality also tends to cluster among geographically contiguous and proximate local authorities. We develop a novel analytical res...

A higher mortality rate in areas with increased socioeconomic deprivation has been found in many studies. Results are diYcult to compare, however, because diVerent indicators of area deprivation have been used. USA-based studies mostly use income to measure area deprivation, 2 whereas UK-based studies often use unemployment and occupational level, but never income. 4 Little is known of the rela...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To test hypotheses about associations between area level exposures and the prevalence of the most common mental disorders (CMD) in Britain. A statistically significant urban-rural gradient was predicted, but not a socioeconomic gradient, in the prevalence of CMD after adjusting for characteristics of individual respondents. The study tested the hypothesis that the effects of are...

These tables report the results of analyses conducted by staff of the Special Population Surveys Branch of the Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics. All estimates are subject to sampling variability, as well as survey design flaws, respondent classification and reporting errors, and data processing mistakes.

BACKGROUND To assess socioeconomic inequality in periconceptional folic acid supplementation in China. METHODS We used data of periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation of rural Chinese women from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project from 2010 to 2012 and socioeconomic level data from the National Bureau of Statistics. We used logistic models to assess the associa...