Sexual conflict occurs when the evolutionary interests of the sexes differ and it broadly applies to decisions over mating, fertilization and parental investment. Recently, a narrower view of sexual conflict has emerged in which direct selection on females to avoid male-imposed costs during mating is considered the distinguishing feature of conflict, while indirect selection is considered negli...

A large set of measurements were taken on 512 women and 425 men belonging to ten populations of the Niger bend area, some of which live in the Sahelian, the other in the Sudanian climatic zones about 200 km apart. The two zones differ chiefly by a two-fold higher annual rainfall in the Sudanian zone. The pattern of differences in body weight, skinfold and limb circumferences suggests that the S...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Appendicitis guidelines recommend either narrower- or extended-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of complicated appendicitis. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of extended-spectrum versus narrower-spectrum antibiotics for children with appendicitis. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of children aged 3 to 18 years discharged betw...

A wheelchair user's mobility may be hampered by narrow doorways and restricted turning spaces. Mobility may be improved by undertaking expensive building alterations in the wheelchair user's own home and work environment. However, other environments, including modes of public transport, may still present considerable difficulties. One way of improving mobility is to reduce the overall width of ...

Sleep-disordered breathing and snoring are common in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine whether pregnancy was associated with upper airway narrowing. One-hundred females in the third trimester of pregnancy were recruited and 50 agreed to be restudied 3 months after delivery. One-hundred nonpregnant females were also recruited. Upper airway dimensions were measured using acoustic ...

South African Indians (originally migrants from South Asia) have the highest rates of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the country – and a fascinating contributor may be that their blood vessels are narrower than those of other race groups. Coronary angiograms and postmortem studies reveal this little known fact, according to Dr Alexander T Cohen, honorary consultant vascular physician at...

The purpose of this study was to investigate gender-based differences in gait biomechanics and evaluate those effects on forces generated the ACL during walking. Estimation gender-specific frontal plane can provide a better understanding biomechanical patterns underlying higher female injury risk. present used sample from Fels Longitudinal Study test hypothesis that there are significant gender...

Cuticle ultrastructure of Criconemella curvata and C. sphaerocephala females is presented; males were available only in the second species. Ultrathin sections revealed three major zones: cortical, median, and basal. The cortical zone in the females consists of an external and internal layer. In C. curvata the external layer is trilaminate and at each annule it is covered by a multilayered cap. ...