The use of zeolite catalysts for the refining of products from methanol synthesis and Fisher-Tropsch synthesis was reviewed. The focus was on fuels refining processes and differences in the application to indirect liquefaction products was compared to petroleum, which is often a case of managing different molecules. Processes covered were skeletal isomerisation of n-butenes, hydroisomerisation ...

The analysis of organic solvents by ICP-MS is challenging due to their high carbon content and volatility. Naphthas are an important class of organic liquids produced in the petrochemical industry, byproducts of the crude-oil refining process. Because they are organic based and have a variety of compositions, naphthas present a special challenge for ICP-MS analysis: the carbon causes polyatomic...

The hydrocracking of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blended with vacuum gas oil (VGO) has been studied to assess the effect H2 pressure on yield and composition products aim obtaining commercial fuels, mainly naphtha. experiments have performed using a PtPd/HY catalyst in semibatch reactor under following conditions: pressure, 20–110 bar; 440 °C; feed ratio, 0.1 gcat (gfeed)−1; HDPE total 0.2...

The first of these chemicals, mineral spirits, is known by a number of different names. Benzine, petroleum spirits, mineral turpentine, naphtha and painters naphtha are just a few of the synonyms of mineral spirits. This solvent is actually a mixture of a number of different hydrocarbons. It is distilled from petroleum and is composed of chemicals having generally five to seven carbons. It repr...

the purposes of this article are studying the effects of oxygen presence on waste wood pyrolysis process in order to produce bio-char. to reach the goal, cubic samples of size 2.5 cm pyrolized at 300 and 400 °c. the surface and center temperatures of samples were measured and their mass losses were calculated from the ratio of pyrolized mass to initial mass of the sample. increase in temperatur...

The co-pyrolysis of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEEs) and waste biomass to obtain pyrolysis-oil, a liquid fuel or chemical feedstock, was carried out in the present work. The pyrolysis-oil yield of co-pyrolysis reached 62.3% which was significantly higher than those of pyrolysis of WEEEs and biomass alone (i.e., 53.1% for WEEEs and 46.3% for biomass), suggesting that synergisti...

The techno-economic performance and CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) reduction potential of bio-based aromatic production cases with without capture storage (CCS) have been evaluated compared to those fossil-based production. bio-cases include tail gas reactive pyrolysis (TGRP), catalytic (CP), hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), gasification-methanol-aromatics (GMA), Diels-Alder furan/furfural combined lig...

The characteristics of enzymatic/mild acidolysis lignin (EMAL) isolated from moso bamboo were investigated using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Pyrolysis temperature as a factor on products was studied, and the pyrolysis mechanism was inferred with respect to the dominating products. Research results showed that pyrolysis products derived from EMAL pyrolysis were mai...

Plastic-waste pyrolysis oils contain large amounts of linear, branched, and di-olefinic compounds. This makes it not obvious to determine the detailed group-type composition in particular presence substantial N-, S-, O-containing heteroatomic The thorough evaluation different column combinations for two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), i.e., non-polar polar non-polar, revealed that sec...