PNA centers of action and differences in their magnitudes. In simulations of the future, both NAO and PNA magnitudes increase, with uncertainties related to the model response and emission scenarios. When assessing the influences of future NAO/PNA changes on regional winter temperature, it is found that the main factors are related to changes in the magnitude of the NAO Azores center and total ...

The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) was the most recent pre-industrial era warm interval of European climate, yet its driving mechanisms remain uncertain. We present here a 947-year-long multidecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reconstruction and find a persistent positive NAO during the MCA. Supplementary reconstructions based on climate model results and proxy data indicate a clear shift ...

The to equation method based on an equivalent isobaric geopotential height in t• coordinates has been used to retrieve the precipitation over Greenland. This approach is designed to accurately represent the topographic effects of the Greenland Ice Sheet on atmospheric motion and precipitation. The 11 year mean precipitation from 1985 to 1996 over all of Greenland is 376 mm yr -• which is close ...

We have used dialyzed squid axons to characterize the ouabain- and bumetanide-insensitive Na efflux components and their relation to the operation of the Na/Ca exchange mechanism. In axons dialyzed with solutions containing nearly physiological concentrations of K, Na, and Mg, three components of the Na efflux can be distinguished: Cai-activated, Cao-dependent Na efflux ("reverse" Na/Ca exchang...

Several studies provide evidence of a link between vector-borne disease outbreaks and El Niño driven climate anomalies. Less investigated are the effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Here, we test its impact on outbreak occurrences of 13 infectious diseases over Europe during the last fifty years, controlling for potential bias due to increased surveillance and detection. NAO variat...

The flavoprotein nitroalkane oxidase (NAO) from Fusarium oxysporum catalyzes the oxidation of nitroalkanes to the respective aldehydes with production of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide. The sequences of several peptides from the fungal enzyme were used to design oligonucleotides for the isolation of a portion of the NAO gene from an F. oxysporum genomic DNA preparation. This sequence was used to...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Materials and methods 3.1. Materials and media 3.1.1. Preparation of thymocytes 3.2. Mg loading procedure 3.3. Measurement of intracellular Na and Mg 3.4. Measurement of Nao-induced Mg efflux 3.5. Measurement of Nao-induced Mgit and Nait changes 3.6. Statistical analysis 4. Results 4.1. Nait and Mgit content 4.2. Plasmalemmal Mg leak was not enhanced by A-23187 Mg...

[1] This study examines the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and vegetation productivity in Asia inferred from both provincial crop yields data in China and satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data. Our finding suggests that vegetation productivity in northern Asia during the main growing season correlates significantly to NAO, with a surprising lon...

Quasi-decadal variability in solar irradiance has been suggested to exert a substantial effect on Earth's regional climate. In the North Atlantic sector, the 11-year solar signal has been proposed to project onto a pattern resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), with a lag of a few years due to ocean-atmosphere interactions. The solar/NAO relationship is, however, highly misrepresented...