Rhizobium microbial bacteria functioning that living a symbiosis relationship soil and leguminous plant root fixation of nitrogen to be utilized by superior performance during grain development stage. They can enter into with plant, infecting their nodules. The legume crops are the bigger partner, often referred as macro-symbiotic. Usually certain strains form nodule on limited plants. Such col...

  Background: Ligament reconstruction is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery. Although several popular techniques are currently in use, new methods are proposed for secure fixation of the tendon graft into the bone tunnel. Purposes: We sought to introduce our new technique of Bashti bone plug for fixation of soft tissue graft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to compar...

Biological nitrogen (N2) fixation is the primary input of new nitrogen (N) to marine systems, and is important in meeting the N demands of primary producers. In this study, we determined whether restoration of the eelgrass Zostera marina L. in a shallow coastal bay facilitated increasing rates of N2 fixation as the meadows aged. Rates of N2 fixation were measured in a system that had been devoi...

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr] is the legume with largest cultivated area worldwide and its yield depends largely on symbiotic nitrogen fixation root architecture. This study aimed to explore genetic variability of architectural traits di-nitrogen fixing activity in a small collection nine European cultivars belonging same maturity group during their early stages. New image analysis approache...

Plant nutrient acquisition is tightly regulated by resource availability and metabolic needs, implying the existence of communication between roots shoots to ensure their integration at whole-plant level. Here, we focus on systemic signaling pathways controlling nitrogen (N) nutrition, achieved both root import mineral N and, in legume plants, through atmospheric fixation symbiotic bacteria ins...

Mangrove forests are considered to be a highly productive ecosystem, but they also generally nitrogen (N)-limited. Thus, soil N2 fixation can important for the stability of both mangrove ecosystem functions and upland N supply. This study evaluates activity composition relevant microorganisms in two coastal forests—the Guandu an upstream estuary Bali downstream estuary—using acetylene reduction...

Cyanobacteria are widely distributed in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Some cyanobacterial genera can convert di-nitrogen gas (N2) to bioavailable ammonium, i.e. perform nitrogen (N) fixation, and are therefore of profound significance for N cycling. N fixation by summer blooms of cyanobacteria is one of the largest sources of new N for the Baltic Sea. This thesis investigated N f...

Carbon uptake by the terrestrial biosphere depends on supplies of new nitrogen (N) from symbiotic N fixation, but we lack a framework for scaling fixation accurately and predicting its response to global change. We scaled individual fixers (i.e. plants that host N-fixing bacteria), quantifying three key parameters—the abundance fixers, whether they are fixing their rates. apply this black locus...