background: theophylline may reverse steroid resistance and decrease inflammation in patients with chronic pulmonary disease and sulfur mustard (sm) induced bronchiolitis. this study was designed to assess the effects of low-dose theophylline on improvement of pulmonary function tests (pfts) of sm exposed patients.methods: in this comparative observational study, a group of sm-exposed victims d...

purpose: to report the outcomes of manual lamellar keratoplasty (lkp) in patients with delayed-onset mustard gas keratitis (mgk) and compare visual outcomes between subgroups with simultaneous or sequential klal and lkp. methods: in this retrospective, interventional study, 52 eyes of 37 male survivors of chemical warfare with mgk who underwent lkp were included. the results were evaluated with...

background: sulfur mustard is one of the chemical warfare gases that has been known as a vesicant or blistering agents. it is a chemical alkylating compound agent that can be frequently absorbed through skin, respiratory system, genital tract, and ocular system. this study was done to pathologically analyze the microscopic pancreatic lesions in cadavers. methods: this case series study was perf...

in this issue of irjo panahi and coworkers have presented an extensive and interesting review on ocular manifestations of mustard gas (mg) which includes the clinical, immunochemical, pathology, etc. of mg. mg which has been used as an aggressive, vesicant, and destructive warfare agents in the last century still being used in our time. therefore, it is mandatory for all of us to be aware of it...

One of the promising aspects of the immunological research on chemical war gas is to investigate the immunogenicity of some hazardous compounds such as mustard gas. Mustard gas is categorized as a "hapten" based on its physical and chemical properties. Haptenic chemicals which do not possess immunogenicity could be immunogenic experimentally when conjugated with a suitable protein carrier...