Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are a group of genetic disorders that affect the peripheral nervous system and muscle, consequently leading to a significant disability in children as well as in adults. NMDs include more than 200 monogenic disorders with a total incidence exceeding 1 in 3,000 [1]. Some of the more extreme diseases in the spectrum include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), conge...

two basic and clinical researches accomplished during the recent years on embryonic and adult stem cells constituted a mutation in regenerative therapy. these cells can be used for treating some degenerative diseases. between them, age-related functional defects, hematopoietic and immune system disorders, heart failures, chronic liver injuries, diabetes, parkinson’s and alzheimer’s diseases, ar...

We evaluated the frequency of cerebral infarction in 131 patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Becker's muscular dystrophy, or Friedreich's ataxia. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were found in 83% of patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, 56% with myotonic dystrophy, 50% with Becker's muscular dystrophy, and 25% with Friedreich's ataxia. Atrial flutter occur...

An uncommon variety of non familial, juvenile onset, spinal muscular atrophy with asymmetric distal upper extremity affection is described. One hundred and two patients with a one to 14 year follow up are analysed. Spinal muscular atrophies with a distal distribution are rare. However, in the past three decades, previously unrecognised varieties of neurogenic muscular atrophy have been describe...

Different muscular dystrophies and myopathies can be inherited in an X-linked, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive manner. More than 50 loci have been associated to different forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) alone, making accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling a real challenge. This comprehensive panel is designed to achieve the highest clinical yield and enable the diff...

Different muscular dystrophies and myopathies can be inherited in an X-linked, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive manner. More than 50 loci have been associated to different forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) alone, making accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling a real challenge. This comprehensive panel is designed to achieve the highest clinical yield and enable the diff...

in this report we are going to discuss the following subjects: 1. indications of muscle biopsy in which situation it can not be helpful. 2. how to take a muscle biopsy? 3. how a muscle biopsy should be operated? 4. which techniques do we need to read and interpret a muscle biopsy histologically (h & e staining, histochemical study, electron microscopy). 5. muscle disease histopathologic changes...