BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease where many of the patients suffer from spasticity impacting their quality-of-life. The purpose of this paper was to linguistically validate and psychometrically test the Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale (MSSS-88) in German speaking MS patients. METHODS The study had two stages: 1) forward/backward translations of the original MS...

OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis is now more common among minority ethnic groups in the UK but little is known about their experiences, especially in advanced stages. We examine disease progression, symptoms and psychosocial concerns among Black Caribbean (BC) and White British (WB) people severely affected by MS. DESIGN Mixed methods study of 43 BC and 43 WB people with MS (PwMS) with an Expande...

The impact of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxification pathway on complex pathogenesis and heterogeneity of clinical findings in multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly the exact correlation between indicators of clinical severity and different GST genotypes, has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between disability level in multiple scleros...

BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction affects up to 65% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and progresses over time. Natalizumab has been shown to be superior to placebo in preserving cognition for the first two years of therapy. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to understand the impact of natalizumab on cognition beyond two years of therapy and to investigate whether baseline characte...

The search for the genetic foundation of multiple sclerosis (MS) severity remains elusive. It is, in fact, controversial whether MS severity is a stable feature that predicts future disability progression. If MS severity is not stable, it is unlikely that genotype decisively determines disability progression. An alternative explanation tested here is that the apparent instability of MS severity...

the comparison of the effects of effleurage massage with aromatic oil and non aromatic oil on fatigue severity in women with multiple sclerosis bahraini s , naji sa * , mannani r , bekhradi r received: 15june, 2011 accepted: 5september, 2011 abstract background & aims: fatigue is one of the most common signs in multiple sclerosis and also it is one of the common reasons of low quality of life a...

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune degenerating disease, where myelin degradation as well as axonal loss is present. PURPOSE To asses whether recording the middle-latency components of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) increases the diagnostic sensitivity in patients with MS, and to investigate whether any of the abnormalities correlates with the severit...

Purpose To evaluate whether corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) detects axonal degeneration and whether this is associated with retinal nerve fiber degeneration and clinical disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Twenty-five patients with MS and 25 healthy control subjects underwent CCM, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and assessment of neurological disability using th...