examining the impacts of data modification is considered as sensitivity analysis. a lot of studies have considered the data modification of inputs and outputs in dea. the issues which has not heretofore been considered in dea sensitivity analysis is modification in the number of inputs and (or) outputs and determining the impacts of this modification in the status of efficiency of dmus. this pa...

multinational corporations (mncs) are major actors in contemporary world. their negative and positive impacts on human life make clear the need for expanding their responsibilities. the aim of this article is to show how responsibilities of mncs evolve during recent 50-60 years. through two sections, the article examines vertical and horizontal expansion of mncs’ responsibilities and then recen...

Abstract Tropical cyclones (TCs) are known to bring heavy rainfall, strong winds and severe storm surges simultaneously, resulting in tremendous damage beyond the effects of a single hazard. However, compound impacts TC multi‐hazards remain unexplored macroeconomic assessments. Here, we provide empirical evidence on multi‐hazard economic losses for first time. We used national panel provincial ...

BACKGROUND Multiple methods are employed for modeling adaptation when projecting the impact of climate change on heat-related mortality. The sensitivity of impacts to each is unknown because they have never been systematically compared. In addition, little is known about the relative sensitivity of impacts to "adaptation uncertainty" (i.e., the inclusion/exclusion of adaptation modeling) relati...