Despite their high degree of reconfigurability and friendliness to technology scaling, traditional ADPLL-based frequency synthesizers tend to come at the price of increased power consumption at their feedback path, compared to charge-pump based solutions. The main power consumption bottleneck is the TDC that operates at the high output frequency rate. A modified version of the ADPLL architectur...

Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes an early step of the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway by decarboxylation of L-tryptophan to produce the protoalkaloid tryptamine. In the present study, recombinant TDC was targeted to the chloroplast, cytosol, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants to evaluate the effects of subcellul...

OBJECTIVE Although twist-drill craniostomy (TDC) has a number of procedural advantages and an equivalent outcome compared to burr hole craniostomy (BHC) for the treatment of chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs), the latter technique remains the preferred method. We analyzed symptomatic CSDHs in whom TDC at the pre-coronal suture entry point (PCSEP) was the primary method for hematoma drainage and...

High levels of regulated oncogen-alpha (GRO-a) expression have been observed in the liver. GRO-a stimulates proliferation of epithelial cells and induction of rolling and extravascular migration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Given the above observations, this chemokine was chosen to be analyzed in freshly isolated and cultured hepatocytes. In this study, hepatocytes (2×106 cell/ml) were...

A basic theory of two-dimensional cyclic codes (TDC codes) is presented. This theory is applicable to the binary TDC codes of odd area, i.e., the TDC codes with an odd number of symbols from GF(2). It is shown that such TDC codes are completely characterized by the common zeros, which correspond to the roots for ordinary cyclic codes. The fundamental structure of the codes such as the positions...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE We hypothesized that reported race-related differences in skin properties cause skin and skin-to-fat water differences among races that are measureable by skin tissue dielectric constant (TDC) values that depend strongly on water content. Our first aim was to test this hypothesis. Also, since inter-side TDC ratios are used to assess edema and lymphedema, the second aim was to...

BACKGROUND Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) values measured at 300MHz via the open-ended coaxial line reflection method depend on the effective measurement depth and the anatomical site being evaluated. Measurements on the forearm have shown that the TDC values decrease with increasing measurement depth but the spatial variability of the TDC values among forearm anatomical positions is unknown....

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Skin-to-fat tissue dielectric constant (TDC) values depend on measurement depth and gender. Our goal was to assess male-female differences in TDC values associated with differing skin depths. METHODS Bilateral forearm TDC measurements were made on young adult male and females with mean ages from 24.7 to 27.3 years. There were four measurement groups distinguished by the TDC...

BACKGROUND Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measured at 300 MHz via the coaxial line reflection method is useful to evaluate local tissue water (LTW) and its change. Because excitation field penetration depth depends on size and geometry of the coaxial probe in contact with the skin, TDC values reflect skin and subcutaneous fat to varying depths depending on the probe used. Because tissue chang...

Previous reports described the use of average tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measurements to assess local tissue water and its change. Our goal was to determine if a single TDC measurement could be used in place of the average of multiple measurements. The comparison criteria used to test this was the extent to which single and averaged measurements yielded similar TDC values in both normal a...