The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of temporal variations and tidal phases on frequency of Upeneus doriae (Günther,1869) in the coast of Bandar Abbas. Sampling was performed in September 2016 to April 2017. During the lunar calendar months, the highest abundance of U. doriae  was observed in Muharram (with147/15 ± 144/37 n.G-1.day-1 ), and lowest was in Rabi Ul Awal (with 3/...

Flag- taking– Jaridah Bardāri– and water- caring– Saqqāei– are examples of mourning rites in the month of Muharram which were established by Qalandariyah and Fetyān. Historical sources testify the prevalence of these rites among Fetyān during Ilkhānid and safavid period. According to treatises written on Futuwwat– Futuwwat Nāmeh–flag- taking and water- caring in the month of Moharram were p...

Collective rituals have always had an influence on the body, the function and thecontent of houses with an interaction with them. Houses, with space and ritual functionshave played a fundamental role in shaping the social structure of historical neighborhoodsand the religious and cultural foundations of society. Holding religious ceremonies inevery home has strengthened the social bonds of that...

The establishment of Safavid dynasty in Iran and the prevalence of etiquettes attributed to Sufis required making kashkuls (Sufi begging bowl), as one of the qalandars’ and dervishes’ instruments used at ceremonies and related events of such a sect. The purpose of this study is to study the form and content of 34 metal kashkuls from the Safavid as well as the following era, Qajar. Here there ar...