A COVID-19 smoker’s paradox was identified during the early days of pandemic—many studies reported that smokers appeared to be protected against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Conversely, other added controversy with findings increased risk for in heavy smokers. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) within ciliated epithelium nasal tract can stimulated a higher and provide protection transient exposure airway i...

Mucociliary airway clearance is an innate defense mechanism that protects the lung from harmful effects of inhaled pathogens. In order to escape mechanical clearance, airway pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are thought to inactivate mucociliary clearance by mechanisms such as slowing of ciliary beating and lytic damage of epithelial cells. Pore-forming toxins like pne...

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive disease of abnormalities of ciliary structure and function. The result is impaired mucociliary clearance, causing a variety of respiratory symptoms, and likely progression to bronchiectasis in most cases. Situs anomalies are present in nearly 50% of cases.

Brinzolamide is a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which reduces the production of aqueous humor in ciliary body, thereby reducing intra-ocular pressure. It formulated as an ophthalmic suspension. The pharmacokinetics ocular suspensions not well understood. objective this study was to characterize brinzolamide rabbit humor, iris-ciliary plasma, and whole blood. New Zealand White rabbits wer...

Objectives: In CF patients on modulator therapy, sputum volume and pathogen density is significantly reduced, yet complete eradication uncommon. This mandates a reassessment of current approaches to infection surveillance. Early morning saliva (emSal) home sputum-induction (hSI) may be enriched with lower airway pathogens from undisturbed muco-ciliary clearance overnight present an attractive n...

OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in mucociliary clearance, histologic characteristics, and surface structure of the bilateral nasal septal mucosa in patients with nasal septal deviation. DESIGN Mucociliary transport was measured by saccharin clearance time in both nasal cavities of 20 patients with nasal septal deviation. Their septal mucosae were taken during septoplasty, and the ciliary...

treatment approaches in children. Eur Respir J 2009; 34: 1264–1276. 3 Bush A, Chodhari R, Collins N, et al. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: current state of the art. Arch Dis Child 2007; 92: 1136–1140. 4 Lucas JS, Walker WT, Kuehni CE, et al. Primary ciliary dyskinesia. In: Cordier J-F, ed. Orphan Lung Diseases. Eur Respir Monogr 2011; 54: 201–217. 5 Jorissen M, Willems T, Van der Schueren B, et al...

Even though we are all exposed to various pathogens at all times, we only seldom become clinically ill. This is because we are endowed with a robust immune apparatus that is highly evolved and multi-facet with the ability to distinguish between “self” and “non-self”. On escaping and by-passing the mechanical barriers like the skin and muco ciliary clearances, as a part of the antigen non-specif...

Ciliary motion defects cause defective mucociliary transport (MCT) in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Current diagnostic tests do not assess how MCT is affected by perturbation of ciliary motion. In this study, we sought to use micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) to delineate the mechanistic basis of cilia motion defects of PCD genes by functional categorization of cilia motion. Trachea...