Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are fibers of extracellular DNA released from neutrophils due to overwhelming phagocytic stimuli. The function of NETs is to trap and kill microbes to avoid spreading of potential pathogens. NETs are formed after encounter with various gram-positive and -negative bacteria but also in response to mediators causing sterile inflammation like interleukin-8 (IL-...

BACKGROUND Chondroitin Sulphate (CS), a natural glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has clinical benefit in symptomatic osteoarthritis but has never been tested in gout. In vitro, CS has anti-inflammatory and positive effects on osteoarthritic chondrocytes, synoviocytes and subchondral bone osteoblasts, but its effect on macrophages is unknown. The purpose of our study was to evaluat...

Gout is an autoinflammatory disorder associated with deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints and periarticular tissues. Recent advances suggest that the innate immune system may drive the gouty inflammatory response to MSU. These findings prompt questions concerning how the innate immune system recognizes MSU and the identities of the receptors involved. In this issue of the JCI...

Stroke is the second most common cause of death and remains a persistent health challenge globally. Due to its highly time-sensitive nature, earlier stroke treatments should be enforced for improved patient outcome. The mobile unit (MSU) was conceptualized implemented deliver diagnosis treatment in ultra-early time window (<1 h) pre-hospital setting has shown clinically effective. However, d...

Background: Monosodium urate (MSU) has been shown to promote inflammasome activation and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) secretion in monocyte/macrophages, but the cellular pathway and nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in synovial tissues, remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of MSU on synovial fibroblasts to elucidate the process o...

Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals are among the most potent proinflammatory stimuli, and an innate immune inflammatory response to the crystal surface is involved in the pathology of gouty arthritis. Furthermore, MSU crystals have recently been identified as danger signals able to induce the maturation of dendritic cells. Release of the crystals into the joint cavity promotes an acute inflammatio...

Reciprocal cleft and pistillate floral bud grafts were made between parthenocarpic ;Fertilla' and nonparthenocarpic ;MSU 713-5' cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) lines to localize the site for stimulation of parthenocarpic fruit set. No fruit set on ;MSU 713-5' controls, scion grafted to ;Fertilla,' or rootstock with ;Fertilla' as the scion. ;Fertilla' controls, rootstock, and scions all produced p...

We reviewed the pathophysiology of gout in this review article. Gout occurs as a response to monosodium urate crystal (MSU) that is present in joints, bones and soft tissue. Hyperuricemia in gout is mainly due to the decreased renal clearance of uric acid and is considered to be the cause of MSU formation. However, hyperuricemia alone does not explain the development of gout. Acute gout attack ...

Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) and small GTPases of the Rho and ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family are implicated in the regulation of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) activity. Although they are involved in fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-mediated PLD activation, their role in monosodium urate (MSU)-stimulated PLD1 activity in human neutrophils is not clear. The translocation of PKCalpha, RhoA and Arf from the...

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection is common in pregnancy. Urine is sampled from by mid-stream collection (MSU). If epithelial cells are detected, contamination by vulvo-vagial skin and skin bacteria is assumed. Outside pregnancy, catheter specimen urine (CSU) is considered less susceptible to contamination. We compared MSU and CSU methods in term pregnancy to test these assumptions. METHODS ...