Many aspects of geophysical flows can be described compactly in terms of potential vorticity dynamics. Since potential temperature can fluctuate at boundaries, however, the boundary conditions for potential vorticity dynamics are inhomogeneous, which complicates considerations of potential vorticity dynamics when boundary effects are dynamically significant. A formulation of potential vorticity...

[1] Hyporheic exchange flows were simulated using MODFLOW and MODPATH to estimate relative effects of channel morphologic features on the extent of the hyporheic zone, on hyporheic exchange flow, and on the residence time of stream water in the hyporheic zone. Four stream reaches were compared in order to examine the influence of stream size and channel constraint. Within stream reaches, the in...

A steady solver and stability calculator is presented for the problem of nonlinear internal gravity waves forced by topography. Steady-state solutions are obtained using Newton’s method, as applied to a finite-difference discretization in terrain-following coordinates. The iteration is initialized with a boundary-inflation scheme, in which the nonlinearity of the flow is gradually increased ove...

The numerical method for study of hydrodynamic flows over an arbitrary bed profile in the presence of external force is proposed in this paper. This method takes into account the external force effect, it use the quasi-two-layer model of hydrodynamic flows over a stepwise boundary with consideration of features of the flow near the step. There are performed the numerical simulations based on pr...

Debris flows are among the most destructive of all water-related disasters. They mainly affect mountain areas in a wide range of morphoclimatic environments. Therefore, accurate prediction of their run out distances, magnitudes and velocities plays a role of paramount importance, in order to plan and design appropriate structural and non-structural defence measures. In this context, a number of...

With its headwaters in the water towers of the western Cordillera of North America, the Fraser River is one of the continent's mightiest rivers by annual flows, supplies vital freshwater resources to populous downstream locations, and sustains the world's largest stocks of sockeye salmon along with four other salmon species. Here we show the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model's ability ...

Introduction: Since the two Voyagers passed by Jupiter in 1979, it has been known that volcanic activity is ubiquitous on the surface of Io. With over 400 volcanic centers, Io is even more volcanically active than the earth with massive flood basalt-style eruptions and komatitite lavas a common occurrence. Additionally , some volcanoes appear to be giant lava lakes, with violent activity churni...