Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a class of genetic disorders. Each metabolic disorder may have different forms with different age of onset, clinical manifestations, severity, and even type of inheritance. Ideally, a group of different specialists, including ophthalmologists, pediatricians, biochemists, and medical geneticists are needed for the final diagnosis and management of IMDs. B...

Abstract Introduction: There are many studies about the inhibitory effect of the esophageal distention (ED) on gastric motility. Recently, it has been shown that ED decreases the gastric secretions. It is well established that the inhibitory effect of ED is mediated by activation of vago-vagal inhibitory reflex. However, there is not any investigation about the effect of the reflex on the gast...

Acupuncture is useful for functional bowel diseases, such as constipation and diarrhea. However, the mechanisms of beneficial effects of acupuncture on colonic function have scarcely ever been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that electroacupuncture (EA) at ST-36 stimulates colonic motility and transit via a parasympathetic pathway in conscious rats. Hook-shaped needles were inserted at b...

The ability of bats and toothed whales to echolocate is a remarkable case of convergent evolution. Previous genetic studies have documented parallel evolution of nucleotide sequences in Prestin and KCNQ4, both of which are associated with voltage motility during the cochlear amplification of signals. Echolocation involves complex mechanisms. The most important factors include cochlear amplifica...

Duane Syndrome is a rare disorder, also known as Stilling-Turk-Duane Syndrome, which can produce form of congenital strabismus, most often sporadic, presented by autosomal dominant inheritance, leading to difficulties in ocular motility due alterations or failures the innervation lateral rectus muscle innervated Vl cranial nerve. On this occasion, limitation absence abduction, retraction eyebal...

abstract introduction: there are many studies about the inhibitory effect of the esophageal distention (ed) on gastric motility. recently, it has been shown that ed decreases the gastric secretions. it is well established that the inhibitory effect of ed is mediated by activation of vago-vagal inhibitory reflex. however, there is not any investigation about the effect of the reflex on the gastr...