28 Butterflies and moths are subject to different evolutionary pressures that affect several aspects 29 of their behaviour and physiology, particularly sexual communication. Butterflies are day30 flying insects (excluding hedylids) whose partner-finding strategy is mainly based on visual 31 cues and female butterflies having apparently lost the typical sex pheromone glands. Moths, 32 in contras...

The gypsy moth from Asia (two subspecies) is considered a greater threat to North America than European gypsy moth, because of a broader host range and females being capable of flight. Variation within and among gypsy moths from China (nine locations), one of the native countries of Asian gypsy moth, were compared using DNA barcode sequences (658 bp of mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 [COI]...

Unilaterally antennectomized Heliothis virescens (F ) males flying close to the central axis of a plume of sex pheromone display no significant differences in behaviour compared to sham-oper ated males in course angles, tiack angles, airspeed and groundspeed. This demonstrates that rightlleft antenna1 information is not necessary for normal orientation movements in response to pheromone, but ra...

We investigated the overwintering physiology and behavior of Phyllocnistis populiella Chambers, the aspen leaf miner, which has caused severe and widespread damage to aspen in Alaska over the past 10 yr. Active P. populiella moths caught in spring and summer supercooled to an average temperature of -16°C, whereas dormant moths excavated from hibernacula in the leaf litter during fall and winte...

Four non-host plant extracts from Bifora radians, Arctium lappa, Humulus lupulus and Xanthium strumarium, were tested against adult grape berry moths, Paralobesia viteana, for their potential as repellents or oviposition deterrents. Responses were compared with those elicited by the major component of the P. viteana sex pheromone. Moths of both sexes exhibited varying electroantennogram (EAG) r...

Disruptive patterning is a potentially universal camouflage technique that is thought to enhance concealment by rendering the detection of body shapes more difficult. In a recent series of field experiments, artificial moths with markings that extended to the edges of their 'wings' survived at higher rates than moths with the same edge patterns inwardly displaced. While this result seemingly in...