Bacterial flagella are powered by a motor that converts a transmembrane electrochemical potential of either H(+) or Na(+) into mechanical work. In Escherichia coli, the MotA and MotB proteins form the stator and function in proton translocation, whereas the FliG protein is located on the rotor and is involved in flagellar assembly and torque generation. The sodium-driven polar flagella of Vibri...

The second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) plays a critical role in the regulation of motility. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, c-di-GMP inversely controls biofilm formation and surface swarming motility, with high levels of this dinucleotide signal stimulating biofilm formation and repressing swarming. P. aeruginosa encodes two stator complexes, MotAB and MotCD, that participate in the...

reported in the preceding paper (ENOMOTO 1966), motility genes of Aialmonella typhimurium consist of three functional units: motA, motB, and motC. motA and B adjoin each other but motC is separate and is transduced jointly with the HI gene. However, the chromosomal location of motA and B and the position of motC relative to H I have not been investigated. In order to analyse the linkage relatio...

ike a picky tourist looking for a hotel room, the malariacausing protozoan Plasmodium passes through several cells before settling on one to infect. Margarida Carrolo, Maria Mota (Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal), and colleagues now report that the initial invasions cause the damaged cells to make a factor that primes other cells for infection. The factor turned up in culture ...

MotB is an essential component of the proton motive force-driven bacterial flagellar motor. It binds to the stress-bearing layer of peptidoglycan in the periplasm, anchoring the MotA/MotB stator unit to the cell wall. Proton flow through the channel formed by the transmembrane helices of MotA and MotB generates the turning force (torque) applied to the rotor. Crystals of recombinant Helicobacte...

Many bacterial species use gliding motility in natural habitats because external flagella function poorly on hard surfaces. However, the mechanism(s) of gliding remain elusive because surface motility structures are not apparent. Here, we characterized the dynamics of the Myxococcus xanthus gliding motor protein AglR, a homolog of the Escherichia coli flagella stator protein MotA. We observed t...

A new indole ring-terminated thiol, ω-mercaptooctyltryptamide (MOTA), has been synthesized and the structure of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Ag electrode was characterized by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The frequency of conformational marker W3 band has been found to increase by 3 cm–1 in surface spectrum as compared with the FT-Raman spectrum of solid MOTA compound, indica...

Introduction. This study examines information structure and intonation in the Andean Spanish spoken by Quechua-Spanish bilinguals in the department of Cusco, Peru. Spanish and Quechua are typologically different languages that use different strategies to convey focus. In Spanish, focus is encoded syntactically (through word order) and intonationally. Several studies on Spanish have reported int...

Objects to Represent Large Answers to Queries in a Concise Form 171 R. Demolombe Transaction Trees for Knowledge Revision 182 L. Mota-Herranz, M. Celma-Gimenez and H. Decker Situations Endowed with Lattice Structure 192 N.G. Nikolov

The bacteriophage T4 encodes proteins that are responsible for tightly regulating mRNA synthesis throughout phage development in Escherichia coli. The three classes of T4 promoters (early, middle, and late) are utilized sequentially by the host RNA polymerase as a result of phage-induced modifications. One such modification is the tight binding of the T4 AsiA protein to the sigma70 subunit of t...