Abstract In many Western countries, women are more likely to study abroad than men. At present, there is a lack of theory-guided empirical studies searching explanations for this pattern. We address research gap by examining gender differences in intent among first-semester students Germany. To derive comprehensive theoretical framework, we draw on social role theory sex differences, cognitive ...

Introduction The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) issued a supplementary advice in 2009 stating that treatments for patients with short life expectancies (<24 months) can exceed the cost-effectiveness threshold GBP30,000 (EUR34,668) per additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), as long treatment is indicated small patient populations there sufficient evidence it ex...

As rainfall becomes scarcer or more erratic, we rely on irrigation systems for agricultural and human water provision. Impacts of canals such as the barrier effect wildlife movements are poorly documented. Although canal culverts overpasses can be used by wildlife, little is known about their crossing behavior to guide mitigation efforts. Over seven years, recorded medium-sized carnivore crossi...

This paper disproves the common belief that all doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that are commonly referred to as biphasic fever inducing (≥2 μg/kg) cause truly biphasic responses. A catheter was implanted into the right jugular vein of several strains of adult male rats, and the animals were habituated to the experimental conditions. At an ambient temperature of 30.0°C, loosely restrained ani...

Dietary polyphenols show a great diversity of structures, ranging from rather simple molecules (monomers and oligomers) to polymers. Higher-molecular-weight structures (with molecular weights of > 500) are usually designated as tannins, which refers to their ability to interact with proteins. Among them, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) are particularly important because of their wide dist...

How accurate are insights compared to analytical solutions? In four experiments, we investigated how participants' solving strategies influenced their solution accuracies across different types of problems, including one that was linguistic, one that was visual and two that were mixed visual-linguistic. In each experiment, participants' self-judged insight solutions were, on average, more accur...