The Alentejo region of Portugal is known for a high concentration of Neolithic-aged megalithic monuments: tombs (dolmens or antas) and ceremonial features such as standing stones (menhirs) and stone circles (cromleques). Concelltrations of these monuments tend to be found on or near weathered granite terrains. Unloading slabs and remnant corestones appear to be the stones of preference for mega...

The presence and deteriorating action of micro-organisms on monuments and stone works of art have received considerable attention in the last few years. Knowledge of the microbial populations living on stone materials is the starting point for successful conservation treatment and control. This paper reviews the literature on cyanobacteria and chlorophyta that cause deterioration of stone cultu...

A number of conservation projects including World Heritage sites are underway in Lahore Pakistan. The most important concern for conservation of these monuments is to maintain authenticity in all aspects. Although we conserve, preserve and restore monuments we often neglect the aspects of authenticity from different angles. The paper will focus on three case studies built around 1640’s namely S...

This paper explores the commemoration of the Roman soldier both in peacetime and in war. Hundreds of tombstones and funerary monuments record the life and death of Roman military personnel, but the vast majority of these monuments appear to commemorate soldiers who died in camp rather than on the battlefield. How were the victims of warfare disposed of and in what ways were the graves marked an...

Historical monuments are considered as one of the key aspects for modern communities. Unfortunately, due to a variety of factors the monuments get damaged. One may think of digitally undoing the damage to the monuments by inpainting, a process to fill-in missing regions in an image. A majority of inpainting techniques reported in the literature require manual selection of the regions to be inpa...

the archaeologists have studied the historical structures and ancient monuments from different perspectives they sometimes survey them in terms of their periods and they also investigate their way of construction on the basis of various techniques. they can reconstruct the beliefs, rites and rituals, customs, artistic attitudes, ... of the people who built these monuments. in this research it h...

This paper is about single three-point perspective historical photography-based CAAD modeling (amateur camera calibration, pose and 3-d reconstruction) of man-made environments, buildings and monuments, rich in geometrical regularity. The proposed method, gains profit from the presence in the image (historical photography) of three vanishing directions and two orthogonal object edges with known...

the factors that have been influential in the damaging and destroying the iranian historical monuments can be divided into two categories: first, the natural phenomena such as floods, earthquakes, famines, and droughts; and second, human behavior that on some occasions had intentionally or unintentionally caused some damages to the historical monuments. the flawed policies of the rulers that ha...