Substantial fluxes of protons and leptons with energies below the geomagnetic cutoff have been measured by the AMS experiment at altitudes of 370-390 Km, in the latitude interval ±51.7. The production mechanisms of the observed trapped fluxes are investigated in detail by means of the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation code. All known processes involved in the interaction of the cosmic protons with t...

Introduction Use of hadron therapy as an advanced radiotherapy technique is increasing. In this method, secondary particles are produced through primary beam interactions with the beam-transport system and the patient’s body. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to determine the dose of produced secondary particles, particularly neutrons during treatment. Materials and Methods I...

This study intends to predict the scope of neutron production and induced radioactivity for two therapy accelerators in Taiwan: 235 MeV proton and 400 MeV/A carbon ion accelerators. For radiation safety concern, much effort has been put into associated benchmark calculations to ensure the quality of predictions. Two Monte Carlo codes FLUKA and MCNPX were applied to calculate the neutron yield f...

background: monte carlo and experimental relative dose determination in a water phantom, due to a high dose rate (hdr) 192ir source is presented for real energy spectrum and monochromatic at 356 kev. materials and methods: the dose distribution has been calculated around the 192ir located in the center of 30 cm ×30 cm ×30 cm water phantom using mcnp4c code by monte carlo method. relative dose v...

Background: Most preclinical studies are carried out on mice. For internal dose assessment of a mouse, specific absorbed fraction (SAF) values play an important role. In most studies, SAF values are estimated using older standard human organ compositions and values for limited source target pairs.Objective: SAF values for monoenergetic photons of energies 15, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 4000 keV...

Primary GCR interact with the Earth’s atmosphere originating atmospheric showers, thus giving rise to fluxes of secondary particles in the atmosphere. Electromagnetic and hadronic interactions interplay in the production of these particles, whose detection is performed by means of complementary techniques in different energy ranges and at different depths in the atmosphere, down to the Earth’s ...

Fast neutrons from cosmic-ray muons are an important background to underground low energy experiments. The estimate of such background is often hampered by the difficulty of measuring and calculating neutron production with sufficient accuracy. Indeed substantial disagreement exists between the different analytical calculations performed so far, while data reported by different experiments is n...

The purpose of the CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) project is to generate at CERN a powerful artificial muon-neutrino beam aimed at the Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy. There, detectors will detect those neutrinos and try to disentangle those, which on their 730 km trip have changed their flavour. During the operating lifetime of the neutrino beam facility some interventions are required. Th...

An extensive 3-dimensional Monte Carlo calculation of the atmospheric neutrino flux is in progress with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The results are compared to those obtained under the 1-dimensional approximation, where secondary particles and decay products are assumed to be collinear to the primary cosmic ray, as usually done in most of the already existing flux calculations. It is shown that...