There has been prejudice and bias towards other races since hundreds of years ago. Even though stereotypical racial decreased or controlled consciously accompanied with education global equality, a new form differentiation - implicit evolved attached to our unconscious behaviors. The IAT test the AMP are typically used for detecting subtle attitudes opinions. In this case, survey adapted from i...

Abstract Recent years have seen an increased interest in the study of heritage language bilinguals. However, much research on bilingualism is fraught with deficit framing. In this article, we demonstrate how many assumptions that underlie growing field and way speakers are positioned as subjects reveal ideologies center value monolingualism whiteness. We problematize a number ways which these c...

Abstract Guided by translanguaging pedagogy, this study examines how monolingual English teachers in a Pre‐K school China navigate between and Chinese to construct classroom. Findings based on classroom observations interviews reveal that, despite being constrained their monolingualism, the enacted multiple ways creating three components: assistance, assessment, showcases. Translanguaging assis...

The question of who is and who is not a bilingual is more difficult to answer than it first appears. Bilingualism was long regarded as the equal mastery of two languages, a definition that still prevails in certain glossaries of linguistics. However, today's complex world requires a more exact definition and analysis of the competencies that community members require to interact with speakers o...

This paper explores identity markers in the schoolscape of a small south-west Slovakian town. Schoolscape is reference to visual and spatial organization educational spaces, with special emphasis on inscriptions, images language-related signs inside classrooms but also entrance, foyer, corridors as well curriculum, text books (original or translated) websites. In linguistic landscape, languages...