We studied whether marking behavior in Mongolian gerbils would be innate or learned behavior. The marking behavior was defined as "animals rubbing their abdominal scent glands on small protruding objects". Between 21 and 90 days of age, Mongolian gerbils, which were kept under such conditions that they would be unable to learn this behavior, were observed at intervals of 5-15 days to find out i...

This paper presents a new learning algorithm for the fuzzy adaptive resonance theory. The modification allows us to supervise the fuzzy ART and to simplify ARTMAP network. It consists to find network’s parameters (comparison, training and vigilance) which gave the minimum quadratic distances between the output of the training base and those obtained by the network. A comparative study of these ...

OBJECTIVE Survey the prevalence of cutaneous disorders in infants at the well baby clinic. MATERIAL AND METHOD This prospective study was conducted on 500 infants, aged between 1 month and 1-year-old. RESULTS Mongolian spot and nevus simplex were the two most common congenital lesions in the present study. Seborrheic dermatitis was the most frequent skin findings arisen in infancy (apart fr...

The significance of the cafe-au-lait spot in the diagnosis of certain disorders of childhood is still not as widely appreciated as it should be, partly due to lack of information as to the normal incidence of such pigmentation, and partly to confusion over its relation to other forms of congenital pigmentation. The varieties of congenital melanin pigmentation of the skin consist of a number of ...

Background: The Mongolian spot (MS) is a congenital macula of blue-gray colour usually located on the sacrococcygeal region, but may have atypical locations such as the back and more rarely the limbs. Case report: The authors describe a case of an infant male, born from a monitored pregnancy without complications, whose skin objective examination showed a Mongolian spot occupying the entire low...

Vol. 29, No. 3, 2017 381 Received April 11, 2016, Revised June 7, 2016, Accepted for publication July 2, 2016 Corresponding author: Hyun-Chang Ko, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: 82-55-360-1678, Fax: 82-55-360-1679, E-mail: [email protected] This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of...

The chemical composition of the gland-pad sebum of gerbils of both sexes is analysed using gas-liquid chromatographical and mass spectroscopical techniques and compared with the lipids from distal skin areas. Cholesterol esters, with (omega-1)-methyl-substituted fatty acids as acidic constituents, were shown to occur in the gland-pad sebum of both sexes in high concentrations, whereas cholesta-...

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, and the level of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (pPAF-AH), which inactivates PAF, decreases in sepsis patients except for the sepsis caused by severe leptospirosis. Usually, increase of pPAF-AH activity was observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Syrian hamster and rat sepsis models, while contradictory eff...

In this study, we analyzed the correlation of sodium(Na), potassium(K) and calcium(Ca) amounts with spot urine(SU) and 24-hour urine(24-HU) collected as 8-hour portions. 21 hypertensive patients and 21 normotensive individuals were enrolled in the study. Na, K and Ca were studied in three sequential 8-hour urine samples and with the sum of three, 24-HU samples of the cases. Sodium/creatinine, p...

Digital terrain models (DTMs) were extracted from high-resolution stereo images (SPOT-5, EROS-A, IKONOS-II and QuickBird) using a three-dimensional universal physical model developed at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Canada. DEMs were generated using an area-based multi-scale image matching method and then compared to 0.2-m accurate lidar elevation data. Elevation linea...