The current OASI program redistributes resource from high wage workers to low wage workers and from two-earner couples to one-earner couples. Due to computational difficulty, however, most previous literature on the dynamic general equilibrium analyses of Social Security assumes “unisex” individuals and does not consider the redistribution between one-earner and two-earner households. In the pr...

In this paper we investigate experimentally the effects of a wage tax financed unemployment benefit system on the development of the budget deficit, unemployment, and some other indicators of economic performance in an international economy. We find support for the hypothesis that out-of-equilibrium price uncertainty affects the behavior of economic agents. Due to uncertainty about prices risk-...

It is often argued that implicit taxation on continued activity of elderly workers is responsible for the widely observed trend towards early retirement. In a world of laissez-faire or of first-best efficiency, there would be no such implicit taxation. The point of this paper is that when first-best redistributive instruments are not available, because some variables are not observable, the opt...

This paper documents empirically that net firm entry robustly rises after a US government spending expansion. We use this new finding to test the empirical validity of various model features that have been put forward to generate a crowding-in of consumption after an expenditure shock. In particular, we show that models with endogenous entry can simultaneously generate an increase in consumptio...

We determine the second best rule for the inflation tax in monetary general equilibrium models where money is dominated in rate of return. The results in the literature are ambiguous and inconsistent across different monetary environments. We derive and compare the optimal inflation tax solutions across the different environments and find that Friedman's policy recommendation of a zero nominal ...

providing of food products for increasing population, enhancing food security, increasing of production and foreign incomes are among the major program purposes of each country and monetary policies are one of the methods that immediately affected on food price and on major agriculture variables. time series analysis was used for studying the impacts of monetary policies effect on food price in...

Benhabib and Rustichini [Optimal taxes without commitment, J. Econ. Theory 77 (1997) 231–259] study the properties of optimal capital taxes in economies without commitment and no government debt. They find that capital taxes may be different from zero at steady state. This note shows that, once governments have the possibility of issuing debt and smoothing taxes over time, optimal steady state ...

Motivated by the effects of COVID-19 pandemic, we present a theory Keynesian supply shocks: shocks that reduce potential output in sector economy, but that, reducing demand other sectors, ultimately push aggregate activity below potential. A shock is more likely when elasticity substitution between sectors relatively low, intertemporal high, and markets are incomplete. Fiscal policy can display...

We study the effects of government spending by using a structural, large dimensional, dynamic factor model. We find that the government spending shock is non-fundamental for the variables commonly used in the structural VAR literature, so that its impulse response functions cannot be consistently estimated by means of a VAR. Government spending raises both consumption and investment, with no ev...

Can consumption externalities be a source of indeterminacy? The answer is negative in conventional wisdom. In this paper we show that consumption externalities establish local indeterminacy if the degree of decreasing impatience is sufficiently large. Dynamic models with indeterminacy are valuable as they tend to explain economic fluctuations without relying on exogenous shocks and question int...