Spark plasma sintering technique is used for the fabrication of dense materials with a fine-grained microstructure. In this process, powder placed into graphite mold and uniaxial pressure applied by two punches. A foil inserted between punches to ensure good electrical, physical thermal contact. One major drawbacks during metal powders carburization in contact foils. study, PVD coating titanium...

mold powders in continuous casting of steel contain fluorine through mainly caf2 and occasionally naf andna3alf6. fluorine develops dangerous gases such as sif4 and hf at high temperatures. in this study, caf2 is partly replaced by substances such as na2co3, zno and fe2o3.sulfur free portland cement clinker containing gypsum was used as a new product base. these additions developed comparable v...