Inexpensive, rapid, and reliable methods of detecting infection by and drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) are crucial to the control of tuberculosis. The novel microscopic observation broth-drug susceptibility assay (MODS) detects early growth of MTB in liquid medium, allowing more timely diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing. Sputum samples from hospitalized patients i...

Content moderation is an essential part of online community health and governance. While much extant research centered on what happens to the content, also involves management violators. This study focuses how moderators (mods) make decisions about their actions after violation takes place but before sanction by examining they "profile" Through observations interviews with volunteer mods Twitch...

RATIONALE Mortality is exceedingly high and rapid among patients infected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB), in part because of limited access to appropriate TB diagnostics. The microscopic observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay is a simple, rapid, low-cost test for TB and multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, but data in individuals infected with HIV and in Africa are limited. OBJECTIVES To evalu...

In this study we evaluated the performance of microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to second-line drugs. 246 multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were used to compare MODS with the agar proportion method for rapid detection of resistance to 8 second-line drugs: ofloxacin, amikacin, kanamycin, capre...

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) has been the difficulty in clinical treatment of severe burns. In the 1990s, the incidence rate of MODS was 28.1% in severe burn patients, while the mortality rate was as high as 78%-98% (Huang et al., 1998). MODS was caused by two “attacks": the first attack was the early plasma leakage and the effective circulating blood volume reduction, as resulted...

BACKGROUND New diagnostic tools are urgently needed to interrupt the transmission of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Rapid, sensitive detection of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in sputum has been demonstrated in proof-of-principle studies of the microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay, in which broth cultures are examined microscopically t...

INTRODUCTION Limited data exist on use of the microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay among persons suspected of MDR-TB living in high HIV-prevalence settings. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed available clinical and drug susceptibility data for drug-resistant TB suspects referred for culture and drug-susceptibility testing between April 1, 2011 and March 1, 2012. The diagn...

Abnormal colonisation, infections of gut origin and bacterial translocation are all signs of gut failure that have been hypothesised as being implicated in the pathogenesis of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). We have summarised published experimental and clinical studies that have tried to correlate the occurrence or prevention of these phenomena with the development of MODS. We ...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) in children is rarely confirmed due to the lack of effective diagnostic tools; only 10 to 15% of pediatric TB is smear positive due to paucibacillary samples and the difficulty of obtaining high-quality specimens from children. We evaluate here the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF in comparison with the Micoroscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay for diagnosi...