INTRODUCTION Reliable and valid tools must be used to assess spasticity in clinical practise and research settings. There is a paucity of literature regarding the validity of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) and the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS). No study, to date, has been performed to compare the validity of the MMAS and the MTS. This neurophysiological study protocol will compare t...

AIM: Walking disorders are a frequent consequence of stroke. New technologies, such as the use robotic exoskeletons, can help with recovery, but their effectiveness has not yet been sufficiently proven.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients spasticity and walking (stroke duration from 1.5 to 4 years) were included in study. The Tardieu Scale, Modified Ashworth scale, Medical Research ...

background:   the  role of nutrition  in the  progression  of multiple  sclerosis (ms) and  related  complications  such  as fatigue  has been  reported by several studies.  the  aim of this  study  is the  assessment of nutritional  status  and  its relationship with fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. methods:  this  is  a  cross-sectional study, in which  101 relapsing-remitting ms patie...

OBJECTIVE To identify the effect of serial casting combined with Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection on spastic equinus foot. METHOD Twenty-nine children with cerebral palsy who had equinus foot were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Rehabilitation Medicine. The children were divided into 2 groups, one of which received serial casting after BTX-A injection, and the other which only...

INTRODUCTION Botulinum toxin injections are an effective treatment for limb spasticity following stroke. Different tracking techniques are used for this purpose: palpation, electrostimulation, electromyography and ultrasound. Yet very few studies have compared these different techniques, and none has successfully proved the superior efficacy of ultrasound-guided injections compared to another t...

background: consequences of cerebral palsy in adulthood can affect physical, psychological capabilities and quality of life. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life with spasticity and level of motor function in iranian young adults with spastic cerebral palsy who were community dweller. methods: in an analytical cross sectional study, 77 participan...

Purpose: Several methods are used to reduce spasticity in cerebral palsy (CP) rehabilitation. One of these is stretching. This study aimed compare the acute effects intramuscular stretching and passive on children with bilateral spastic CP.Methods: The included a total 22 (12 boys 10 girls) CP, between ages 5 13 years (mean age=6.45±1.96 years), who had plantar flexor muscle groups. All were un...

The objective of this clinical trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of letibotulinum toxin A and onabotulinum toxin A for improving dynamic equinus foot deformity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). In total, 144 children with spastic CP who had dynamic equinus foot deformity were assigned randomly to the Botulax group (injection of letibotulinum toxin A) or the Botox group (injection...