In oil production waterflooding is a popular recovery technology, which involves the injection of water into an oil reservoir. Studies on model-based dynamic optimization of waterflooding strategies have demonstrated that there is a significant potential to increase lifecycle performance, measured in Net Present Value. However, in these studies the complementary desire of oil companies to maxim...

Many laboratory and field scale trials have shown that modified salinity water flooding increases the mobility of oil improves recovery. However, simulation process guided by core data leads to inaccurate prediction recovery if effect saturation history reservoir on relative permeability is ignored. Here, we address this problem proposing three models illustrating interplay among wettability al...

In acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation often induces alveolar overdistension aggravating the primary insult. To examine the mechanism of overdistension, surfactant-deficient immature rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and their lungs were treated with serum-diluted modified natural surfactant (porcine lung extract; 2 mg/ml, 10 ml/kg). By mechanical vent...

background: natural organic compounds are known as precursors in the formation of disinfection byproducts. the aim of this study was to evaluate of effect of modified cationic surfactant nano zeolite in the removal of humic acid (ha) from water. materials and methods: nano zeolite (clinoptilolite) was modified by cationic surfactant solution hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (hdtma-br), in dos...

Respiratory failure secondary to surfactant deficiency is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low birth weight immature infants. Surfactant therapy substantially reduces mortality and respiratory morbidity for this population. The statement summarizes the indications for surfactant replacement therapy. Because respiratory insufficiency may be a component of multiorgan dysfunction in sic...

We describe a procedure by which surfactant/albumin ratios in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) may be quantified with the Abbott Laboratories TDx fluorescence polarization analyzer and fetal lung maturity reagents. Adding albumin to BALF samples shifted the surfactant/albumin ratios to within the analytical range of the method. The analytical CV for assay of modified BALF samples was 2.9%. Ratios o...

This study was conducted to investigate organoclay prepared using montmorillonite clay with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and a long-chain organic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide for the removal of nitrate ion from aqueous solutions. Adsorbents were evaluated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR),...

The paper presents the effect of trapped gas during the application of secondary processes, or more precisely, in the period of application of conventional waterflooding of partially depleted oil reservoirs. These processes can be simulated by analogous tests on reservoir rock samples, on synthetic models under laboratory conditions or by numerical models. An explanation of physical mechanisms ...

In this study, perstractive fermentation of intracellular Monascus pigments in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution had been studied. The permeability of cell membrane modified by nonionic surfactant might have influence on the rate of export of intracellular pigments into its extracellular broth while nearly no effect on the final extracellular pigment concentration. However, the solub...