Abstract Uncertainty in the calculation of a Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) attracted growing concerns hydrometeorology research community last decade. This issue is addressed present study from perspective candidate probability distributions, data record length, cumulative timescale and selection reference period with bootstrap Monte Carlo methods using daily precipitation observed fou...

This paper presents a modeling application of surface runoff using the Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). A case study was carried out for the Jianghe watershed, a typical semi-arid and sub-humid geo-climatic region in northern China. Two modeling schemes using different descriptive sub-mechanism models provided by HEC-HMS for runoff volume, direct runoff and routing (channel flow) were inv...

for determination of grazing capacity, information of forage quality is essential which is influenced by various factors. the main objective of this research was investigation on effects of species, phenological stages, and life form on values of forage quality indices of six range species. species were two grasses (bromus tomentellus and dactylis glomerata), two forbs (ferula ovina and coronil...

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products have been widely used, but their error and uncertainty characteristics over diverse climate regimes still need to be quantified. In this study, we focused on a systematic evaluation of TMPA’s error characteristics over mainland China, with an improved error-component analysis procedure. We perf...

The economic activity in arid/semiarid areas of the western United States would seem to be much more influenced by weather than humid/semi humid areas since they are located marginally closer to major drought conditions at any moment in time. This paper reexamines the original “sunspot” theory of business cycles of William Stanley Jevons, the contributions of his son H. S. Jevons, and the furth...