Simulations play a vital role in implementing, testing and validating proposed algorithms and protocols in VANET. Mobility model, defined as the movement pattern of vehicles, is one of the main factors that contribute towards the efficient implementation of VANET algorithms and protocols. Using near reality mobility models ensure that accurate results are obtained from simulations. Mobility mod...

–A mobile ad-hoc sensor network usually consists of large number of sensor nodes (stationary or mobile) deployed over an area to be monitored. Each sensor node is a self-contained, battery-powered device that is capable of sensing, communication and some level of computation and data processing. Due to the large amount usage of sensors in the network, it is important to keep each node small and...

The sudden development of urbanization in cities consequently affects the degree motorization population. Due to imbalance between traffic demands and supply, cities, especially their central city zones (CZ), face problem congestion. Management by applying congestion pricing policy (CP) can significantly contribute reducing its negative impacts. However, after insufficient public political supp...