The migrating motor complex (MMC) occurs in most mammals and birds and is organized during the fetal life. In some species, like ruminants and other herbivores, it is not abolished by feeding but its character and controlling mechanisms do not vary considerably from other animal species. However, the mechanisms controlling the MMC are complex and incompletely recognized. The central nervous sys...

BACKGROUND Male medical circumcision (MMC) has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in circumcised men by up to 60%. Following recommendations from the World Health Organization, South Africa adopted MMC as a preventative strategy against HIV in 2010 and set up circumcision camps across the country. Concerns have been raised about condom avoidance following MMC because of a mistake...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of subconjunctival bevacizumab (ScB) as adjuvant therapy to primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) in primary open-angle glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six eyes of primary open-angle glaucoma patients were randomized to receive ScB (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) injections (the MMC+ScB group) at the end of the operations, or sham-treated controls (the MMC gro...

Objective Sodium bicarbonate has been reported to maximize the efficacy of intravesical instillation of mitomycin-C (IVI-MMC) therapy by urine alkalinization in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This study aimed to analyze the changes in MMC concentration according to urinary pH and evaluate the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate to maintain the concentration of active form of MMC during ...

Due to the scalability and flexibility in power transmission, the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) receives a widespread favor since its advent. The popularization of the MMC will continuously promote the developments in renewable energy grid connecting and flexible High Voltage Direct Current transmission (HVDC) system. In this paper, an overview of the most recent effort associated with the...

The coexistence of myelomeningocele (MMC) and split cord malformation (SCM) is a well-known phenomenon. The SCM is usually above or at the level of the MMC. Split cord malformation distal to the MMC is considered to be the rarest form of such a combination. We report a case of SCM (type I) distal to the MMC diagnosed pre-operatively. Repair of the MMC and the SCM were carried out in the same se...

Since 1984, mitomycin C (MMC) has been applied in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MMC-based chemotherapeutic regimens are still under consideration owing to the efficacy and low cost as compared with other second-line regimens in patients with advanced NSCLC. Hence, it is important to investigate whether MMC induces potential negative effects in NSCLC. Here, we found that t...

Multiple myeloma is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells (multiple myeloma cells [MMCs]), in the bone marrow. Osteolytic bone lesions are detected in 80% of patients because of increased osteoclastic bone resorption and reduced osteoblastic bone formation. MMCs are found closely associated with sites of increased bone resorption. Osteoclasts strongly support MMC survi...

The classical utilized double emulsion solvent diffusion technique for encapsulating water soluble Mitomycin C (MMC) in PLA nanoparticles suffers from low encapsulation efficiency because of the drug rapid partitioning to the external aqueous phase. In this paper, MMC loaded PLA nanoparticles were prepared by a new single emulsion solvent evaporation method, in which soybean phosphatidylcholine...

The role of cytochrome P450 (P450) in the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C (MMC) and Adriamycin (ADR) was investigated in freshly isolated hepatocytes from phenobarbital-induced rats. The loss of cell viability [measured as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage] upon MMC exposure was accompanied by a rapid and extensive intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion and followed by minor lipid peroxidation...