The mixed-signal circuits with both analog and digital blocks on a single chip have wide applications in communication and RF circuits. Integrating these two blocks can cause serious problems especially in applications requiring fast digital circuits and high performance analog blocks. Fast switching in digital blocks generates a noise which can be introduced to analog circuits by the common su...

The growth of mixed microbial cultures on mixtures of substrates is a fundamental problem of both theoretical and practical interest. On the one hand, the literature is abundant with experimental studies of mixed-substrate phenomena [T. Egli, The ecological and physiological significance of the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms with mixtures of substrates, Adv. Microbiol. Ecol. 14 (1995) 3...

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) exists primarily as a dimer being unique among the zinc metalloproteases in that it exhibits allosteric kinetics with small synthetic peptide substrates. In addition the IDE reaction rate is increased by small peptides that bind to a distal site within the substrate binding site. We have generated mixed dimers of IDE in which one or both subunits contain mutations...

the lack of complete understanding of the substrate effects on carbon nanotubes (cnts) growth poses a lot oftechnical challenges. here, we report the direct growth of nanostructures such as the cnts on stainless steel 304and brass substrates using thermal chemical vapor deposition (tcvd) process with c2h2 gas as carbon sourceand hydrogen as supporting gas mixed in ar gas flow. we used an especi...

The solution structure of mouse cytochrome P450 2A4 (CYP2A4), a monooxygenase of deoxysteroids, was obtained using homology modeling and molecular dynamics. The solvent-equilibrated CYP2A4 preserves the essential features of CYP450s. A comparison of the models CYP2A4 and CYP2A4 with testosterone bound CYP2A4/T illustrates the changes induced by the binding of the substrate. Experimental evidenc...

In mixed-signal designs, substrate coupling of digital circuit noise can severely compromise the behavior of sensitive analog circuits. Proper characterization of substrate noise is therefore indispensable. In this paper, we present an experimental setup for the characterization of directly coupled substrate noise in bulk-type CMOS. We have integrated configurable substrate noise generation and...

Oxygenases continue to be widely studied for selective biooxidation of organic compounds. Protein engineering has resulted in heme and flavin monooxygenases with widely altered substrate specificities, and attempts have been reported to scale-up reactions catalyzed by these enzymes. Cofactor regeneration is still a key issue in these developments. Protein engineering contributed to understandin...

Substrate noise is the major source of performance limitation in mixed-signal integrated circuits. This paper studies substrate noise effects on the performance of delay-locked loops (DLLs). Due to their robust noise performance, the delay-lockedloops are widely used as clock generators of microprocessors. Although exploiting advanced circuit techniques reduces the timing jitter induced by the ...

Different inhibition types of the saturation kinetics involving a synthesized model complex, [Bu4N]3[MoVIO2(mnt)2] (E) (where mnt2- = 1,2-dicyanoethylenedithiolate), and HSO3- as the substrate (S) by structurally similar anions SO4(2-), H2PO4- and H2PO3- have been shown for the first time in relevance to the reductive half reaction of the native enzyme sulphite oxidase. SO4(2-) acts as a compet...