PROFESSOR John Scarborough in a recent article in this journal has discussed the relationship between doctors and the Roman army, but his methods and his conclusion, which may seem to some to compel assent, demand a cautious and thorough examination before being accepted.' As Sigerist saw, it is necessary to exclude modern preconceptions and to avoid the obfuscation of an account by the introdu...

A military surgeon is a physician who works in a standard clinical field, but who also has to learn to adapt his skills to exceptional circumstances and must cope with special challenges due to his deployment in crisis regions, a fact that is one of the major factors influencing military medical strategy planning. The only certainty is that these special circumstances differ fundamentally from ...

1OI)AV, in most countries in the world, there are women practising medicine; I think I am correct in saying that they specialise in every branch; opportunities vary in different countries and even in different parts of the same country. In Australia there is a Flying Doctor Service, carried on by two women who are in general practice; they cover thousandls of miles and deal with all types of em...

results mean age was 41.6 ± 9.2 for the military truck drivers and 43.4 ± 10.9 for commercial truck drivers (p > 0.05). no significant difference between military and commercial drivers was found in terms of driving experience, number of mvcs, binocular va, frequency of color vision defects and cs scores. in contrast, the last ocular examination was significantly earlier in military drivers tha...

discussion the prevalence of mtss was relatively lower in this study comparing to other studies on military personnel. it was not probably due to type of military shoes or exercise area surface (none of them were standardized); it could be due to low intensity trainings and the long intervals between training sessions. results data of all the 181 subjects with the mean age of 30.7 ± 4.68 years ...

threat to use military force against iran has been repeated by us. these threats have been along with increasing sanctions and embargo against iran. the question we address in this paper is: what is the impact of on military threats against iran on effectiveness of sanctions and embargo against it? we will examine this hypothesis: in situation of global economy, transforming of military option ...

Apart from altruistic reasons, NGOs may engage in developing countries under conditions of conflict and war in order to secure funding and survive in the ‘market’ of humanitarian relief and development assistance. Applying a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach, we analyze empirically whether the presence of US-based NGOs in Afghanistan and Iraq improved their chances of external fu...