It is a striking fact that differential calculus exists not only in analysis (based on the real numbers R), but also in algebraic geometry, where no limit processes are available. In algebraic geometry, one rather uses the idea of nilpotent elements in the “affine line” R; they act as infinitesimals. (Recall that an element x in a ring R is called nilpotent if xk = 0 for suitable non-negative i...

OBJECTIVE Although the tibialis posterior is a potentially difficult muscle to locate for botulinum toxin injection because of its deep location, needle insertion is usually performed using anatomic landmarks for guidance. Accordingly, the ultrasonographic anatomy of the lower leg was investigated in hemiplegic children with spastic cerebral palsy to improve the safety and the accuracy of needl...

We show that the S-shaped hyperbolic tangent function of signed volume is appropriate to model the price impact of a trade. This model enables an implied true price to be obtained without relying on the quotes. We compare this implied true price with the quotes’ midpoint. For the 1,748 common stocks traded on the NYSE in 1997, we find that the implied true price is superior than the midpoint in...

Systemic corticosterone (Cort) modulates arterial baroreflex control of both heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Because baroreceptor afferents terminate in the dorsal hindbrain (DHB), an area with dense corticosteroid receptor expression, we tested the hypothesis that prolonged activation of DHB Cort receptors increases the midpoint and reduces the gain of arterial baroreflex cont...

The crystal structure of the bovine Rieske iron-sulfur protein indicates a sulfur atom (S-1) of the iron-sulfur cluster and the sulfur atom (Sgamma) of a cysteine residue that coordinates one of the iron atoms form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of Ser-163 and Tyr-165, respectively. We have altered the equivalent Ser-183 and Tyr-185 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rieske iron-sulfur pr...

The midpoint method or technique is a “measurement” and as each measurement it has a tolerance, but worst of all it can be invalid, called Out-of-Control or OoC. The core of all midpoint methods is the accurate measurement of the difference of the squared distances of two points to the “polar” of their midpoint with respect to the conic. When this measurement is valid, it also measures the diff...

This paper presents a review of characteristics of the two main visual servoing methods, image-based visual servoing and position-based visual servoing. First, a generic structure is defined with an emphasis on the same system inputs and outputs for the two methods. Stability, robustness, sensitivity, and other general characteristics of the methods are presented. To overcome the dependency of ...

In this paper, results of GPR experiments carried out in Nalaih, Mongolia and Yakutsk, Russia will be shown. In the measurements, target is ground water and permafrost. Especially in these regions, there are special kind of permafrost structure, which are important in the study of permafrost. In Nalaih, there is “pingo”, which is composed of several layers including permafrost in the subsurface...