In this article, inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used for the development of an analytical procedure analysis waste Sm-Co magnets. Experimental parameters related to microwave digestion processes acid concentrations optimized. Microwave was carried out in mixtures HF, HCl, HNO3 H2SO4. The complete dissolution samples occurre...

The solid immersion lens is a powerful optical tool that allows light entering material from air or vacuum to focus to a spot much smaller than the free-space wavelength. Conventionally, however, they rely on semispherical topographies and are non-planar and bulky, which limits their integration in many applications. Recently, there has been considerable interest in using planar structures, ref...

The virtual confocal microscope method is used in microwave imaging to examine the biological tissues. The method depends on focusing the incoming scattered waves from a body to form an image using a virtual lens. A mathematical relationship is found that gives only the possible allowed values for the diameter of the lens for each specific wavelength, minimum required resolution and distance fr...

In October 1998, the CLARE measurement campaign took place in Chilbolton, England. A variety of collocated instruments performed measurements on the clouds. Among the instruments were a microwave radiometer, lidars and radars. Also, particle size measuring probes were operated during flights through the clouds. Estimates of the cloud microphysical properties may be made by combining the measure...

Alexander Vilenkin Institute of Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA Topological defects can naturally be formed soon after bubble nucleation in the open inflation scenario. The defects are not completely diluted away by the subsequent period of inflation in the bubble interior and can produce observable large-scale microwave background anisot...

Strong gravitational lensing is a useful probe of both the intrinsic properties of the lenses and the cosmological parameters of the universe. The large number of model parameters and small sample of observed lens systems, however, have made it difficult to obtain useful constraints on more than a few parameters from lensing statistics. Here we examine how the recent Wilkinson Microwave Anisotr...

The absence of any wide-separation gravitational lenses in the Large Bright Quasar Survey is used to place limits on the population of cluster-sized halos in the universe, and hence constrain a number of cosmological parameters. The results agree with previous investigations in strongly ruling out the standard cold dark matter model but they are consistent with low-density universes in which th...