Based on serial sectioning data, materials microstructure can be reconstructed to digitally represent each grain in three dimensions. This paper attempts to calculate the average shape of the grains through Principal Component Analysis(PCA) , with a theoretical introduction to how this method can be generalized into calculating an average shape of the microstructure. Also investigated is the re...

A general theory for the spatial ordering of immobile clustered defects in irradiated materials is presented here. A vectorial form for the Fourier transforms of perturbations in the concentration of point and clustered defects is derived. Linear stability analysis indicates that, under conditions appropriate for void growth ~high temperature!, instabilities leading to spatially ordered microst...

In this chapter, we highlight some of the common pitfalls in the use of image analysis. We show a few examples of how image analysis can be successfully used, possibly in conjunction with sensory analysis and visual observation, to discover interesting properties about food products. Special attention is granted to segmentation, a ubiquitous image processing step, propaedeutic to most quantitat...

We compare the quantitative microstructural properties of Berea Sandstone with stochastic reconstructions of the same sandstone. The comparison is based on local porosity theory. The reconstructions employ Fourier space ltering of Gaussian random elds and match the average porosity and two-point correlation function of the experimental model. Connectivity properties of the stochastic models dii...

In the present investigation, H13 tool steel has been deposited on copper alloy substrate using both CO2 and diode laser. A detailed parametric analysis has been carried out in order to find out optimum processing zone for coating defect free H13 tool steel on copper alloy substrate. Followed by parametric optimization, the microstructure and microhardness of the deposited clads have been evalu...

ix Czech Technical University in PragueKlokner InstituteAbstract Analysis of Composite Materials with Random Microstructureby Jan Zeman In this thesis, a comprehensive approach to the modelling of composite materials witha microstructure exhibiting various types of disorder is proposed. In particular, a fibrousgraphite-epoxy composites with fibers randomly distributed wi...

Sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) generally possess an intricate jaw apparatus that incorporates five teeth. Although echinoid teeth consist of calcite, their complex internal design results in biomechanical properties far superior to those of inorganic forms of the constituent material. While the individual elements (or microstructure) of echinoid teeth provide general insight into proce...

Mechanical and heat treatment affects microstructure, hardness, and residual stresses in the surface layer. Micromagnetic examination of the material can determine the correlation between the changes in microstructure or hardness and permeability and electrical conductivity of the material. With a defined analysis frequency fa and by monitoring the Barkhausen noise variations, the depth propert...

A methodology was developed for the prediction of the electrical properties of carbon nanotube-polymer nanocomposites via Monte Carlo computational simulations. A two-dimensional microstructure that takes into account waviness, fiber length and diameter distributions is used as a representative volume element. Fiber interactions in the microstructure are identified and then modeled as an equiva...