Abstract Currently, Pestalotiopsis leaf fall disease caused by the fungus microspora is commonly found in Indonesian rubber plantations. The defoliation period usually occurs for 1 month as a response to drought during dry season. However, due this disease, gradually with an earlier fall. Leaf can cause decrease number of plant canopy which affects area index and latex production. Therefore, st...

It is well established that cyst-forming phytoplankton species are transported in ships' ballast tanks. However, there is increasing evidence that other phytoplankton species which do not encyst are also capable of surviving ballast transit. These species have alternative modes of nutrition (hetero- or mixotrophy) and/or are able to survive long-term darkness. In our studies of no-ballast-on-bo...

Microorganisms of the microsporidia group are obligated intracellular protozoa that belong to the phylum Microspora; currently they are considered to be related or belong to the fungi reign. It is considered an opportunistic infection in humans, and 14 species belonging to 8 different genera have been described. Immunocompromized patients such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus...

Lokop is one of the villages in East Aceh which has a watershed Leuser Ecosystem. Human activities have potential to disrupt Trophic Status River, such as use pesticides for agriculture, household waste and potassium fishing. It necessary research quality waters River. The plankton community present river can be an indicator environmental pollution by analyzing saprobic index. This study aims d...