Very fine needle-electrode arrays potentially offer both low invasiveness and high spatial resolution of electrophysiological neuronal recordings in vivo. Herein we report the penetrating and recording capabilities of silicon-growth-based three-dimensional microscale-diameter needle-electrodes arrays. The fabricated needles exhibit a circular-cone shape with a 3-μm-diameter tip and a 210-μm len...

Many advanced medical and biological devices require microscale patterning of cells, proteins, and other biological materials. This article describes the use of piezoelectric ink jet processing in the fabrication of biosensors, cell-based assays, and other microscale medical devices. A microelectromechanical system-based piezoelectric transducer was used to develop uniform fluid flow through no...

Fick's law for the diffusion of adsorbed atoms (adatoms) on crystal surfaces below roughening is generalized to account for surface reconstruction. In this case, material parameters vary spatially at the microscale, and the coarse graining for crystal steps via Taylor expansions is not strictly applicable. By invoking elements of the theory of composites in one independent space dimension, we h...

32nd International Symposium on Microscale Separations and Bioanalysis, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada, 3-7 April 2016 The 32nd edition of the International Symposium on Microscale Separations and Bioanalysis (MSB) was held in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada, from 3 to 7 April 2016. This article outlines the aim and the main distinctive features of the MSB symposium. A selection of the scientific rese...

Using deioned water as a working fluid, the influence of the microscale effects on liquid flow resistance in microtubes with inner diameters of 19.6 and 44.2 lm, respectively, is experimentally studied. The temperature rise resulted from the microscale effects, such as viscous dissipation, electric double layer, wall rough on the wall surface, etc., is obtained by an IR camera with a special ma...

We present a new general framework for designing multiscale methods. Compared with previous work such as Brandt’s systematic up-scaling, the heterogeneous multiscale method and the “equation-free” approach, this new framework has the distinct feature that it does not require reinitializing the microscale model at each macro time step or each macro iteration step. In the new strategy, the macroa...

In this paper, an upscaling study of solid–fluid combustion in porous medium with homogeneous and heterogeneous heat sources is carried out using a volume averaging theory. For the sake of simplicity, the reaction rate is assumed to be of first-order Arrhenius type and convection is not taken into account. Local thermal non-equilibrium is considered between the solid and fluid phases. During th...

Microstructural examination can provide a rich tapestry of information about the processing and application history of a metal component. For this reason, microstructural characterization is a fundamental tool for failure analysis of these components. To reduce costs and accommodate demands for smaller packaging, many applications currently use metallic components where the critical dimensions ...

The application of high-speed two-photon fluorescence microscopy (HTPM) to examine transdermal transport processes has enabled the noninvasive visualization of permeant spatial distributions over a larger, more clinically relevant wide area of the skin. Earlier studies demonstrated that the transdermal fluorescent probe distribution over a 2 x 2 mm skin area was well represented by a significan...

Modeling of flow and transport in environmental systems often involves formulation of conservation equations at spatial scales involving tens to hundreds of pore diameters in porous media or the depth of flow in a channel. Quantities such as density, temperature, internal energy, and velocity may not be uniform over these macroscopic length scales. The external gravitational potential causes gr...